In this paper, we mainly discuss the $(p,q)$-frame in shift-invariant subspace \begin{equation*} V_{p,q}(Φ)=\left\{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{r}\sum\limits_{j_{1}\in \mathbf{Z}}\sum\limits_{j_{2}\in \mathbf{Z}^{d}}d_{i}(j_{1},j_{2})ϕ_{i}(\cdot-j_{1},\cdot-j_{2}):\Big(d_{i}(j_{1},j_{2})\Big)_{(j_{1},j_{2})\in \mathbf{Z}\times\mathbf{Z}^{d}}\in \ell^{p,q}(\mathbf{Z}\times\mathbf{Z}^d)\right\} \end{equation*} of mixed Lebesgue space $L^{p,q}(\mathbf{R}\times \mathbf{R}^{d})$. Some equivalent conditions for $\{ϕ_{i}(\cdot-j_{1},\cdot-j_{2}):(j_{1},j_{2})\in\mathbf{Z}\times\mathbf{Z}^d,1\leq i\leq r\}$ to constitute a $(p,q)$-frame of $V_{p,q}(Φ)$ are given. Moreover, the result shows that $V_{p,q}(Φ)$ is closed under these equivalent conditions of $(p,q)$-frame for the family $\{ϕ_{i}(\cdot-j_{1},\cdot-j_{2}):(j_{1},j_{2})\in\mathbf{Z}\times\mathbf{Z}^d,1\leq i\leq r\}$, although the general result is not correct.
In this paper, we discuss to the nonuniform sampling problem in principal shift-invariant subspaces of mixed Lebesgue spaces. We proposed a fast reconstruction algorithm which allows to exactly reconstruct the functions in the principal shift-invariant subspaces as long as the sampling set $X=\{(x_{j},y_{k}):k,j\in \mathbb{J}\}$ is sufficiently dense. Our results improve the result in \cite{LiLiu}.
In this paper, the problem of reconstruction of signals in mixed Lebesgue spaces from their random average samples has been studied. Probabilistic sampling inequalities for certain subsets of shift-invariant spaces have been derived. It is shown that the probabilities increase to one when the sample size increases. Further, explicit reconstruction formulae for signals in these subsets have been obtained for which the numerical simulations have also been performed.
Schur's test states that if $K:X\times Y\to\mathbb{C}$ satisfies $\int_Y |K(x,y)|dν(y)\leq C$ and $\int_X |K(x,y)|dμ(x)\leq C$, then the associated integral operator acts boundedly on $L^p$ for all $p\in [1,\infty]$. We derive a variant of this result ensuring boundedness on the (weighted) mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces $L_w^{p,q}$ for all $p,q\in [1,\infty]$. For non-negative integral kernels our criterion is sharp; i.e., it is satisfied if and only if the integral operator acts boundedly on all of the mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces. Motivated by this criterion, we introduce solid Banach modules $\ma…
In this article, we consider the random sampling in the image space $V$ of mixed Lebesgue space $L^{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n+1})$ under an idempotent integral operator. We assume some decay and regularity conditions of the kernel and approximate the unit sphere in $V$ on a bounded cube $C_{R,S}$ by a finite-dimensional subspace of $V$. Consequently, the set of concentrated functions is totally bounded. We prove with an overwhelming probability that the random sample set uniformly distributed over $C_{R,S}$ is a stable set of sampling for the set of concentrated functions on $C_{R,S}$. Moreover, we p…
In this note we study Banach spaces of traces of real polynomials on $\mathbb R^n$ to compact subsets equipped with supremum norms from the point of view of Geometric Functional Analysis.
The Lifting Problem for Commuting Subnormals (LPCS) asks for necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of subnormal operators on Hilbert space to admit commuting normal extensions. \ We study LPCS within the class of commuting 2-variable weighted shifts $\mathbf{T} \equiv (T_1,T_2)$ with subnormal components $T_1$ and $T_2$, acting on the Hilbert space $\ell ^2(\mathbb{Z}^2_+)$ with canonical orthonormal basis $\{e_{(k_1,k_2)}\}_{k_1,k_2 \geq 0}$ . \ The \textit{core} of a commuting 2-variable weighted shift $\mathbf{T}$, $c(\mathbf{T})$, is the restriction of $\mathbf{T}$ to the invarian…
Let $E$ be a Lebesgue measurable subset of ${\mathbb R}^n$, $p\in [1,\infty)$. We consider the subspace $Y\subset L^p(E)$, which is an annihilator of the Lebesgue measurable ${{\cal L}^{n}}$-a.e. finite function $g$ that does not belong to the dual space of $L^p(E)$. It is shown that the subspace $Y$ is dense in $L^p(E)$. Moreover, the Hahn-Banach theorem's extension $\bar T_g\in [L^p(E)]^*$ of the bounded on $Y$ functional $h\mapsto \int_E g(x)h(x)\,dx$, $h\in Y$, can not be represented in the form $\bar T_g(h)= \int_E g(x)h(x)\,dx$, $h\in L^p(E)$.
For a locally compact group $H$ with a left Haar measure, we study variable Lebesgue algebra $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ with respect to a convolution. We show that if $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ has bounded exponent, then it contains a left approximate identity. We also prove a necessary and sufficient condition for $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ to have an identity. We observe that a closed linear subspace of $\mathcal{L}^{p(\cdot)}(H)$ is a left ideal if and only if it is left translation invariant.
We study the model operator $\mathbf{D}_{\mathbf{A}} = (d/dt) + \mathbf{A}$ in $L^2(\mathbb{R};\mathcal{H})$ associated with the operator path $\{A(t)\}_{t=-\infty}^{\infty}$, where $(\mathbf{A} f)(t) = A(t) f(t)$ for a.e.\ $t\in\mathbb{R}$, and appropriate $f \in L^2(\mathbb{R};\mathcal{H})$ (with $\mathcal{H}$ a separable, complex Hilbert space). Denoting by $A_{\pm}$ the norm resolvent limits of $A(t)$ as $t \to \pm \infty$, our setup permits $A(t)$ in $\mathcal{H}$ to be an unbounded, relatively trace class perturbation of the unbounded self-adjoint operator $A_-$, and no discrete spectrum…
In this paper the weak fixed point property ($w$-FPP) and the fixed point property (FPP) in Variable Lebesgue Spaces are studied. Given $(Ω,Σ,μ)$ a $σ$-finite measure and $p(\cdot)$ a variable exponent function, the $w$-FPP is completely characterized for the variable Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$ in terms of the exponent function $p(\cdot)$ and the absence of an isometric copy of $L_1[0,1]$. In particular, every reflexive $L^{p(\cdot)}(Ω)$ has the FPP and our results bring to light the existence of some nonreflexive variable Lebesgue spaces satisfying the $w$-FPP, in sharp contrast with th…
We give a simple characterization of chaos for weighted composition $C_0$-semigroups on $L^p_ρ(Ω)$ for an open interval $Ω\subseteq\mathbb{R}$. Moreover, we characterize chaos for these classes of $C_0$-semigroups on the closed subspace $W^{1,p}_*(Ω)$ of the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(Ω)$ for a bounded interval $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}$. These characterizations simplify previously obtained characterization of chaos for these classes of $C_0$-semigroups.
Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学）；Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology（慕尼黑量子科学与技术中心）；Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas（数学科学研究所）
This paper concerns the universal approximation property with neural networks in variable Lebesgue spaces. We show that, whenever the exponent function of the space is bounded, every function can be approximated with shallow neural networks with any desired accuracy. This result subsequently leads to determine the universality of the approximation depending on the boundedness of the exponent function. Furthermore, whenever the exponent is unbounded, we obtain some characterization results for the subspace of functions that can be approximated.
Given a monotone convex function on the space of essentially bounded random variables with the Lebesgue property (order continuity), we consider its extension preserving the Lebesgue property to as big solid vector space of random variables as possible. We show that there exists a maximum such extension, with explicit construction, where the maximum domain of extension is obtained as a (possibly proper) subspace of a natural Orlicz-type space, characterized by a certain uniform integrability property. As an application, we provide a characterization of the Lebesgue property of monotone convex …
Valadier and Hensgen proved independently that the restriction of functional $ϕ(x)=\int_{0}^{1}x(t)dt,\,\,x\in L^{\infty}([0,1])$ on the space of continuous functions $C([0,1])$ admits a singular extension back to the whole space $L^{\infty}([0,1]).$ Some general results in this direction for the Banach lattices were obtained by Abramovich and Wickstead. In present note we investigate analogous problem for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, namely we prove that if the space of continuous functions $C([0,1])$ is closed subspace in $L^{p(\cdot)}([0,1]),$ then every bounded linear functional on $…
Suppose $α$ is a rotationally symmetric norm on $L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{T}\right) $ and $β$ is a "nice" norm on $L^{\infty}\left(Ω,μ\right) $ where $μ$ is a $σ$-finite measure on $Ω$. We prove a version of Beurling's invariant subspace theorem for the space $L^β\left(μ,H^α\right) .$ Our proof uses the recent version of Beurling's theorem on $H^α\left(\mathbb{T}\right) $ proved by the first author and measurable cross-section techniques. Our result significantly extends a result of H. Rezaei, S. Talebzadeh, and D. Y. Shin.
In classical analysis, Lebesgue first proved that $\mathbb{R}$ has the property that each Riemann integrable function from $[a,b]$ into $\mathbb{R}$ is continuous almost everywhere. This property is named as the Lebesgue property. Though the Lebesgue property may be breakdown in many infinite dimensional spaces including Banach or quasi Banach spaces, to determine spaces having this property is still an interesting problem. In this paper, we study Riemann integration for vector-value functions in metrizable vector spaces and prove the fundamental theorems of calculus and primitives for continu…
Let $T_{Ω,α}$ be the homogeneous fractional integral operator defined as \begin{equation*} T_{Ω,α}f(x):=\int_{\mathbb R^n}\frac{Ω(x-y)}{|x-y|^{n-α}}f(y)\,dy, \end{equation*} and the related fractional maximal operator $M_{Ω,α}$ is given by \begin{equation*} M_{Ω,α}f(x):=\sup_{r>0}\frac{1}{|B(x,r)|^{1-α/n}}\int_{|x-y|<r}|Ω(x-y)f(y)|\,dy. \end{equation*} In this article, we will use the idea of Hedberg to reprove that the operators $T_{Ω,α}$ and $M_{Ω,α}$ are bounded from $L^p(\mathbb R^n)$ to $L^q(\mathbb R^n)$ provided that $Ω\in L^s(\mathbf{S}^{n-1})$, $s'<p<n/α$ and $1/q=1/p-α/n$, which was …
Assume that $A_{1},...,A_{s}$ are complex $n\times n$ matrices. We give a computable criterion for existence of a common eigenvector of $A_{i}$ which generalize the result of D. Shemesh established for two matrices. We use this criterion to prove some necessary and sufficient condition for $A_{i}$ to have a common invariant subspace of dimension $d$, $2\leq d<n$, if every $A_{i}$ has pairwise different eigenvalues. Finally, we observe that the set of all matrices having multiple eigevalues has Lebesgue measure 0 and thus the condition is sufficient in practical applications. Being motivated by…
We study the invariant subspaces generated by inner functions for a class of $\mathcal{P}^t(μ)$-spaces which can be identified as spaces of analytic functions in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, where $μ$ is a measure supported in the closed unit disk and $\mathcal{P}^t(μ)$ is the span of analytic polynomials in the usual Lebesgue space $L^t(μ)$. Our measures define a range of spaces somewhere in between the Hardy and the Bergman spaces, and our results are thus a mixture of results from these two theories. For a large class of measures $μ$ we characterize the cyclic inner functions, and exhibit so…
Let $1 \leq d < D$ and $(p,q,s)$ satisfying $0 < p < \infty$, $0 < q \leq \infty$, $0 < s-d/p < \infty$. In this article we study the global and local regularity properties of traces, on affine subsets of $\R^D$, of functions belonging to the Besov space $B^{s}_{p,q}(\R^D)$. Given a $d$-dimensional subspace $H \subset \R^D$, for almost all functions in $B^{s}_{p,q}(\R^D)$ (in the sense of prevalence), we are able to compute the singularity spectrum of the traces $f_a$ of $f$ on affine subspaces of the form $a+H$, for Lebesgue-almost every $a \in \R^{D-d}$. In particular, we prove that for Lebe…
We characterize the sets of norm one vectors $\mathbf{x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf{x}_k$ in a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ such that there exists a $k$-linear symmetric form attaining its norm at $(\textbf{x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf{x}_k)$. We prove that in the bilinear case, any two vectors satisfy this property. However, for $k\ge 3$ only collinear vectors satisfy this property in the complex case, while in the real case this is equivalent to $\mathbf{x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf{x}_k$ spanning a subspace of dimension at most 2. We use these results to obtain some applications to symmetric multilinear forms, symmetric…
The classical Beurling-Helson-Lowdenslager theorem characterizes the shift-invariant subspaces of the Hardy space $H^{2}$ and of the Lebesgue space $L^{2}$. In this paper, which is self-contained, we define a very general class of norms $α$ and define spaces $H^α$ and $L^α.$ We then extend the Beurling-Helson-Lowdenslager invariant subspace theorem. The idea of the proof is new and quite simple; most of the details involve extending basic well-known $\left \Vert {}\right \Vert _{p}$-results for our more general norms.
In this paper we study (continuous) polynomials $p: J\to X$, where $J$ is an abelian topological semigroup and $X$ is a topological vector space. If $J$ is a subsemigroup with non-empty interior of a locally compact abelian group $G$ and $G=J-J$, then every polynomial $p$ on $J$ extends uniquely to a polynomial on $ G$. It is of particular interest to know when the spaces $P^n (J,X)$ of polynomials of order at most $n$ are finite dimensional. For example we show that for some semigroups the subspace $P^n_{R} (J,\mathbf{C})$ of Riss polynomials (those generated by a finite number of homomorphis…
In this note two results are established for energy functionals that are given by the integral of $ W(\mathbf x,\nabla \mathbf u(\mathbf x))$ over $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ with $\nabla \mathbf u \in BMO(Ω;{\mathbb R}^{N\times n})$, the space of functions of Bounded Mean Oscillation of John & Nirenberg. A version of Taylor's theorem is first shown to be valid provided the integrand $W$ has polynomial growth. This result is then used to demonstrate that, for the Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed problems, every Lipschitz-continuous solution of the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations at which the se…
Let $C_b^{k,ω}(\mathbb R^n)$ be the Banach space of $C^k$ functions on $\mathbb R^n$ bounded together with all derivatives of order $\le k$ and with derivatives of order $k$ having moduli of continuity majorated by $c\cdotω$, $c\in\mathbb R_+$, for some $ω\in C(\mathbb R_+)$. Let $C_b^{k,ω}(S):=C_b^{k,ω}(\mathbb R^n)|_S$ be the trace space to a closed subset $S\subset\mathbb R^n$. The geometric predual $G_b^{k,ω}(S)$ of $C_b^{k,ω}(S)$ is the minimal closed subspace of the dual $\bigl(C_b^{k,ω}(\mathbb R^n)\bigr)^*$ containing evaluation functionals of points in $S$. We study geometric properti…
We show that the set of Lebesgue integrable functions in $[0,1]$ which are nowhere essentially bounded is spaceable, improving a result from [F. J. García-Pacheco, M. Martín, and J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda. \textit{Lineability, spaceability, and algebrability of certain subsets of function spaces,} Taiwanese J. Math., \textbf{13} (2009), no. 4, 1257--1269], and that it is strongly $\mathfrak{c}$-algebrable. We prove strong $\mathfrak{c}$-algebrability and non-separable spaceability of the set of functions of bounded variation which have a dense set of jump discontinuities. Applications to sets of …
