One of the most fundamental forms of magnon-phonon interaction is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials, the "magnetoelastic coupling". This particular form of interaction has been the basis for describing magnetic materials and their strain related applications, where strain induces changes of internal magnetic fields. Different from the magnetoelastic coupling, more than 40 years ago, it was proposed that surface acoustic waves may induce surface magnons via rotational motion of the lattice in anisotropic magnets. However, a signature of this magnon-phonon coupling mechanism, termed magneto-rotation coupling, has been elusive. Here, we report the first observation and theoretical framework of the magneto-rotation coupling in a perpendicularly anisotropic ultra-thin film Ta/CoFeB(1.6 nm)/MgO, which consequently induces nonreciprocal acoustic wave attenuation with a unprecedented ratio up to 100$\%$ rectification at the theoretically predicted optimized condition. Our work not only experimentally demonstrates a fundamentally new path for investigating magnon-phonon coupling, but also justify the feasibility of the magneto-rotation coupling based application.
We propose a novel concept of nonreciprocal devices in acoustics, illustrated by the design of an acoustic diode, or isolator. A boundary control strategy was previously shown to provide direction-dependent propagation properties in acoustic waveguides. In this paper, the boundary control is reinterpreted as a source term for the inhomogeneous wave equation, in a purely 1D model. Nonreciprocity is then obtained using a distributed source that replaces the non-standard boundary condition where the normal velocity at the boundary is a function of both pressure and its tangential derivative. Nume…
Recent experiments have elucidated that novel nonequilibrium states inherent in the so-called hydrodynamic regime are realized in ultrapure metals with sufficiently strong momentum-conserving scattering. In this letter, we formulate a theory of electron hydrodynamics with broken inversion symmetry under magnetic fields and find that novel terms emerge in hydrodynamic equations which play a crucial role for the realization of the nonreciprocal responses. Specifically, we clarify that there exist a novel type of nonreciprocal collective modes dubbed nonreciprocal surface magnetoplasmons arising …
Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate the nonreciprocal magnetoelastic interaction between the surface acoustic phonons of dielectric non-magnetic substrates and magnons of proximity nanomagnets. The magnetization dynamics exerts rotating forces at the edges of the nanomagnet that causes the nonreciprocal interaction with surface phonons due to its rotation-momentum locking. This coupling induces the nonreciprocity of the surface phonon transmission and a nearly complete phonon diode effect by several (tens of) magnetic nanowires of high (ordinary) magnetic quality. Phase-sensitive m…
We study the interaction of surface acoustic waves with spin waves in ultra-thin CoFeB/Pt bilayers. Due to the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), the spin wave dispersion is non-degenerate for oppositely propagating spin waves in CoFeB/Pt. In combination with the additional nonreciprocity of the magnetoacoustic coupling itself, highly nonreciprocal acoustic wave transmission through the magnetic film is observed. We systematically characterize the magnetoacoustic wave propagation in a thickness series of CoFeB($d$)/Pt samples as a function of magnetic field magnitude and dire…
We consider effects of spatial dispersion in noncentrosymmetric time-reversal invariant Weyl metals in the presence of a static magnetic field. In particular, we study currents that are linear in both the spatial derivatives of an applied electric field, and the static magnetic field, which are responsible for the phenomenon of gyrotropic birefringence. We show that the chiral anomaly and the chiral magnetic effect make the leading contribution to this class of phenomena in metals. We apply the obtained results to the problem of electromagnetic wave transmission through a thin slab of a Weyl s…
We theoretically explore the notion of nonreciprocal near-zone manipulation of electromagnetic fields within subwavelength plasmonic nanostructures embedded in magneto-optical materials. We derive an analytical model predicting a strong, magneto-optically induced time-reversal symmetry breaking of localized plasmonic resonances in topologically symmetric structures. Our numerical simulations of plasmon excitations reveal a considerable near-zone power flow rotation within such hybrid nanostructures, demonstrating nanoscale nonreciprocity. This can be considered as another mechanism for tuning …
The interaction between surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and spin waves (SWs) in a piezoelectric/magnetic thin film heterostructure yields potential for the realization of novel microwave devices and applications in magnonics. In the present work, we investigate the SAW-SW interaction in a Pt/Co(2 nm)/Ru(0.85 nm)/Co(4 nm)/Pt synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) composed of two ferromagnetic layers with different thicknesses separated by a thin nonmagnetic Ru spacer layer. Because of the combined presence of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction (iDMI) and interlayer dipolar coupling fields, t…
We investigate the transfer and control of nonreciprocity through magnons themselves in permalloy thin films deposited on surface oxide silicon substrate. Evidences of nonreciprocal emergence of hybridized dipole exchange magnons (spin waves) at two permalloy surfaces are provided by studying magnon transmission and asymmetry, via Brillouin light scattering measurements. The dipole dominated spin wave and exchange dominated spin wave are found to be localized near the top and bottom surfaces, respectively, and traveling along opposite directions. The nonreciprocity and the localization are int…
Objects around us constantly emit and absorb thermal radiation. The emission and absorption processes are governed by two fundamental radiative properties: emissivity and absorptivity.For reciprocal systems, the emissivity and absorptivity are restricted to be equal by Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. This restriction limits the degree of freedom to control thermal radiation and contributes to an intrinsic loss mechanism in photonic energy harvesting systems such assolar cells. Existing approaches to violate Kirchhoff's law typically utilize conventional magneto-optical effects in the pre…
The equality between the spectral, directional emittance and absorptance of an object under local thermal equilibrium is known as Kirchhoff's law of radiation. The breakdown of Kirchhoff's law of radiation is physically allowed by breaking time reversal symmetry and can open opportunities for nonreciprocal light emitters and absorbers. Large anomalous Hall conductivity and angle recently observed in topological Weyl semimetals, particularly type-I magnetic Weyl semimetals and type-II Weyl semimetals, are expected to create large nonreciprocal electromagnetic wave propagation. In this work, we …
We present a detailed study of the spin-wave dynamics in single Pt/Co/W and double Pt/Co/W/Co/Pt ferromagnetic layer systems. The dispersion of spin waves was measured by wavevector-resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy while the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization curves were measured by alternating gradient field magnetometry. The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction induced nonreciprocal dispersion relation was demonstrated for both single and double ferromagnetic layers and explicated by numerical simulations and theoretical formulas. The results indicate the crucia…
Rashba spin-orbit interaction leads to a number of electromagnetic cross-correlation effects by inducing a mixing of electric and magnetic degrees of freedom. In this study, we investigate the optical properties of a magnetic Rashba conductor by deriving an effective Hamiltonian based on an imaginary-time path-integral formalism. We show that the effective Hamiltonian can be described in terms of toroidal and quadrupole moments, as has been argued in the case of insulator multiferroics. The toroidal moment turns out to coincide with the spin gauge field induced by the Rashba field. It causes D…
We have studied the transmission of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in ferromagnetic/non-magnetic/ferromagnetic tryilayers. The SAW scattering matrix is studied for devices with various non-magnetic spacer thickness, which defines the strength of the interlayer exchange coupling. We find the SAW transmission amplitude depends on their propagation direction when the two ferromagnetic layers are coupled antiferromagnetically. The degree of such SAW nonreciprocity increases with increasing exchange coupling strength and reaches 37 dB/mm for a device with the thinnest spacer layer. These results sho…
A microscopic theory of the phonon-induced resistance oscillations in weak perpendicular magnetic fields is presented. The calculations are based on the consideration of interaction of two-dimensional electrons with three-dimensional (bulk) acoustic phonons and take into account anisotropy of the phonon spectrum in cubic crystals. The magnetoresistance is calculated for [001]-grown GaAs quantum wells. The results are in agreement with available experimental data. Apart from the numerical results, analytical expressions for the oscillating part of magnetoresistance are obtained. These expressio…
Recently observed magnetophonon resonances in the magnetoresistance of graphene are investigated using the Kubo formalism. This analysis provides a quantitative fit to the experimental data over a wide range of carrier densities. It demonstrates the predominance of carrier scattering by low energy transverse acoustic (TA) mode phonons: the magnetophonon resonance amplitude is significantly stronger for the TA modes than for the longitudinal acoustic (LA) modes. We demonstrate that the LA and TA phonon speeds and the electron-phonon coupling strengths determined from the magnetophonon resonance…
The resonant interaction of electrically excited travelling surface acoustic waves and magnetization has been hitherto probed through the acoustic component. In this work it is investigated using time-resolved magneto-optical detection of magnetization dynamics. To that end, we develop an experimental scheme where laser pulses are used both to generate the acoustic wave frequency and to probe magnetization dynamics thus ensuring perfect phase locking. The light polarization dependence of the signal enables to disentangle elasto-optic and magneto-optic contributions and to obtain the in-plane a…
The influence of electron-phonon interaction on magnetotransport in two-dimensional electron systems under microwave irradiation is studied theoretically. Apart from the phonon-induced resistance oscillations which exist in the absence of microwaves, the magnetoresistance of irradiated samples contains oscillating contributions due to electron scattering on both impurities and acoustic phonons. The contributions due to electron-phonon scattering are described as a result of the interference of phonon-induced and microwave-induced resistance oscillations. In addition, microwave heating of elect…
By sculpting the magnetic field applied to magneto-acoustic materials, phonons can be used for information processing. Using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques, we demonstrate designs for diodes (isolators) and transistors that are independent of their conventional, electronic formulation. We analyze the experimental feasibility of these systems, including the sensitivity of the circuits to likely systematic and random errors.
We show that a surface acoustic wave (SAW) applied across the terminals of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) decreases both the (time-averaged) parallel and antiparallel resistances of the MTJ, with the latter decreasing much more than the former. This results in a decrease of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio. The coercivities of the free and fixed layer of the MTJ, however, are not affected significantly, suggesting that the SAW does not cause large-angle magnetization rotation in the magnetic layers through the inverse magnetostriction (Villari) effect at the power levels used. Thi…
Anomalous Nonlinear Magnetoconductivity in van der Waals Magnet CrSBr
CIC nanoGUNE BRTA（纳米技术联合研究中心）；Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）；Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)（圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心）；Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU（材料物理中心）；IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science（伊卡巴斯基克科学基金会）
We have investigated experimentally and theoretically the far-infrared (FIR) absorption of gated, deep-mesa-etched GaAs/Al$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As quantum wires. To overcome Kohn's theorem we have in particular prepared double-layered wires and studied the acoustic magnetoplasmon branch. We find oscillations in the magnetic-field dispersion of the acoustic plasmon which are traced back to the self-consistently screened density profile in its dependence on the magnetic depopulation of the one-dimensional subbands.
Magnetochiral effect (MChE) of phonons, a nonreciprocal acoustic property arising due to the symmetry principles, is demonstrated in a chiral-lattice ferrimagnet Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$. Our high-resolution ultrasound experiments reveal that the sound velocity differs for parallel and antiparallel propagation with respect to the external magnetic field.The sign of the nonreciprocity depends on the chirality of the crystal in accordance with the selection rule of the MChE. The nonreciprocity is enhanced below the magnetic ordering temperature and at higher ultrasound frequencies, which is quantitatively…
We report manipulation of the magnetic states of elliptical cobalt magnetostrictive nanomagnets (of nominal dimensions ~ 340 nm x 270 nm x 12 nm) delineated on bulk 128° Y-cut lithium niobate with Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) launched from interdigitated electrodes. Isolated nanomagnets that are initially magnetized to a single domain state with magnetization pointing along the major axis of the ellipse are driven into a vortex state by surface acoustic waves that modulate the stress anisotropy of these nanomagnets. The nanomagnets remain in the vortex state until they are reset by a strong m…
