A graded ideal $I$ in $\mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$, where $\mathbb{K}$ is a field, is said to have almost maximal finite index if its minimal free resolution is linear up to the homological degree $\mathrm{pd}(I)-2$, while it is not linear at the homological degree $\mathrm{pd}(I)-1$, where $\mathrm{pd}(I)$ denotes the projective dimension of $I$. In this paper we classify the graphs whose edge ideals have this property. This in particular shows that for edge ideals the property of having almost maximal finite index does not depend on the characteristic of $\mathbb{K}$. We also compute the non-linear Betti numbers of these ideals. Finally, we show that for the edge ideal $I$ of a graph $G$ with almost maximal finite index, the ideal $I^s$ has a linear resolution for $s\geq 2$ if and only if the complementary graph $\bar{G}$ does not contain induced cycles of length $4$.
We give conditions for a maximal divisorial ideal to be t-maximal and show with examples that, even in a completely integrally closed domain, maximal divisorial ideals need not be t-maximal.
In commutative ring theory, there is a theorem of Cohen which states that if in a commutative ring all prime ideals are finitely generated then every ideal is finitely generated. However, it is known that having only maximal ideals finitely generated doesn't imply all ideals be finitely generated. In his article we ask the question that what happens if we assume all non-maximal ideals are finitely generated, and we answer the question by showing that indeed then all maximal ideals are also finitely generated i.e. the ring becomes Noetherian.
We characterize componentwise linear monomial ideals with minimal Taylor resolution and consider the lower bound for the Betti numbers of componentwise linear ideals.
A commutative noetherian local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ is Gorenstein if and only if every parameter ideal of $R$ is irreducible. Although irreducible parameter ideals may exist in non-Gorenstein rings, Marley, Rogers, and Sakurai show there exists an integer $\ell$ (depending on $R$) such that $R$ is Gorenstein if and only if there exists an irreducible parameter ideal contained in $\mathfrak{m}^\ell$. We give upper bounds for $\ell$ that depend primarily on the existence of certain systems of parameters in low powers of the maximal ideal.
We prove that each positive power of the maximal ideal of a commutative Noetherian local ring is Tor-rigid, and strongly-rigid. This gives new characterizations of regularity and, in particular, shows that such ideals satisfy the torsion condition of a long-standing conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand.
We generalize a result of Eisenbud-Huneke-Ulrich on the maximal graded shifts of a module with prescribed annihilator and prove a linear regularity bound for ideals in a polynomial ring depending only on the first $p - c$ steps in the resolution, where $p = \mathrm{pd}(S/I)$ and $c = \mathrm{codim}(I)$.
Let R be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring possessing a canonical module. In this paper we consider when the maximal ideal of R is self-dual, i.e. it is isomorphic to its canonical dual as an R-module. local rings satisfying this condition are called Teter rings, and studied by Teter, Huneke-Vraciu, Ananthnarayan-Avramov-Moore, and so on. On the positive dimensional case, we show such rings are exactly the endomorphism rings of the maximal ideals of some Gorenstein local rings of dimension one. We also provide some connection between the self-duality of the maximal ideal and near Gorensteinness.
We study a notion called $n$-standardness (defined by M. E. Rossi and extended in this paper) of ideals primary to the maximal ideal in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring and some of its consequences. We further study conditions under which the maximal ideal is three-standard, first proving results when the residue field has prime characteristic and then using the method of reduction to prime characteristic to extend the results to the equicharacteristic zero case. As an application, we extend a result due to T. Puthenpurakal and show that a certain length associated to a minimal reduction of the max…
We show that, given integers $n_1,n_2, \ldots ,n_k$ with $2 < n_1 < n_2 < \cdots < n_k$, there exists a local (Noetherian) unique factorization domain that has maximal chains of prime ideals of lengths $n_1, n_2, \ldots ,n_k$ which are disjoint except at their minimal and maximal elements. In addition, we demonstrate that unique factorization domains can have other unusual prime ideal structures.
We study a large family of products of Borel fixed ideals of maximal minors. We compute their initial ideals and primary decompositions, and show that they have linear free resolutions. The main tools are an extension of straightening law and a very surprising primary decomposition formula. We study also the homological properties of associated multi-Rees algebra which are shown to be Cohen-Macaulay, Koszul and defined by a Gröbner basis of quadrics.
In this paper, we study the two natural polarizations, namely the standard polarization and the box polarization, of the d-th power of the maximal ideal in a polynomial ring. We show that these polarizations correspond to smooth points in the Hilbert scheme, and we calculate the dimension of their component which shows that they lie on different components. When d=2, we show that all maximal polarizations are smooth points, and we give a simple method for calculating the dimension of their component.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of the strong Rees property (SRP) for $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals of a Noetherian local ring and prove that any power of the maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ has its property if the associated graded ring $G$ of $\mathfrak{m}$ satisfies $\text{depth} \ G \ge 2$. As its application, we characterize two-dimensional excellent normal local domains so that $\mathfrak{m}$ is a $p_g$-ideal. Finally we ask what $\mathfrak{m}$-primary ideals have SRP and state a conjecture which characterizes the case when $\mathfrak{m}^n$ are the only ideals which have SRP.
We consider ideals $I$ in a Stanley-Reisner ring $k[Δ]$ over the simplical complex $Δ$, such that the tight closure of $I$, $I^*$, is equal to $\mathfrak{m}$, the standard graded maximal ideal of $k[Δ]$. We determine the minimal number of generators of $I$ to be the $\dim Δ+1$ and note the important role this value plays in bounding the intersection of all such ideals $I$. We make mention of this intersection in special cases of Stanley-Reisner rings. We conclude with a description of how this work relates to integral closure.
The main goal of this paper is to prove, in positive characteristic $p$, stability behavior for the graded Betti numbers in the periodic tails of the minimal resolutions of Frobenius powers of the homogeneous maximal ideals for very general choices of hypersurface in three variables whose degree has the opposite parity to that of $p$. We also find some of the structure of the matrix factorization giving the resolution. We achieve this by developing a method for obtaining the degrees of the generators of the defining ideal of an $\mathfrak{c}$-compressed Gorenstein Artinian graded algebra from …
In this paper, we study different polarizations of powers of the maximal ideal m^d, and polarizations of its related square-free version I_d. For n = 3, we show that every minimal free cellular resolution of m^d comes from a certain polarization of the ideal m^d. When I is a square-free ideal, we show that the Alexander dual of any polarization of I is a polarization of the Alexander dual ideal of I. We apply this theorem and study different polarizations of I_d and its Alexander dual I_{n-d+1} simultaneously. We do this by giving a combinatorial description of the polarizations, which has a n…
The index of a graded ideal measures the number of linear steps in the graded minimal free resolution of the ideal. In this paper we study the index of powers and squarefree powers of edge ideals. Our results indicate that the index as a function of the power of an edge ideal $I$ is strictly increasing if $I$ has linear relations. Examples show that this need not to be the case for monomial ideals generated in degree greater than two.
In this paper we study the index of reducibility of powers of a standard parameter ideal. An explicit formula is proved for the extremely case. We apply the main result to compute Hilbert polynomials of socle ideals of standard parameter ideals.
We give a complete combinatorial characterization of all possible polarizations of powers of the graded maximal ideal $(x_1,x_2,\cdots,x_m)^n$ of a polynomial ring in $m$ variables. We also give a combinatorial description of the Alexander duals of such polarizations. In the three variable case $m=3$ and also in the power two case $n=2$ the descriptions are easily visualized and we show that every polarization defines a (shellable) simplicial ball. We give conjectures relating to topological properties and to algebraic geometry, in particular that any polarization of an Artinian monomial ideal…
The degree excess function $ε(I;n)$ is the difference between the maximal generating degree $d(I^n)$ of a homogeneous ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring and $p(I)n$, where $p(I)$ is the leading coefficient of the asymptotically linear function $d(I^n)$. It is shown that any non-increasing numerical function can be realized as a degree excess function, and there is a monomial ideal $I$ whose $ε(I;n)$ has exactly a given number of local maxima. In the case of monomial ideals, an upper bound on $ε(I;n)$ is provided. As an application it is shown that in the worst case, the so-called stability index o…
Let $B$ be a reduced local (Noetherian) ring with maximal ideal $M$. Suppose that $B$ contains the rationals, $B/M$ is uncountable and $|B| = |B/M|$. Let the minimal prime ideals of $B$ be partitioned into $m \geq 1$ subcollections $C_1, \ldots ,C_m$. We show that there is a reduced local ring $S \subseteq B$ with maximal ideal $S \cap M$ such that the completion of $S$ with respect to its maximal ideal is isomorphic to the completion of $B$ with respect to its maximal ideal and such that, if $P$ and $Q$ are prime ideals of $B$, then $P \cap S = Q \cap S$ if and only if $P$ and $Q$ are in $C_i…
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $I$ be a square-free monomial ideal in the polynomial ring $\mathbb{K}[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. The Green-Lazarsfeld index, $\mathrm{index}(I)$, counts the number of steps to reach to a syzygy minimally generated by a nonlinear form in a graded minimal free resolution of $I$. In this paper, we study this invariant for $I$ and its powers from a combinatorial point of view. We characterize all square-free monomial ideals $I$ generated in degree $3$ such that $\mathrm{index}(I)>1$. Utilizing this result, we also characterize all square-free monomial ideals generated in …
Let $(A,{\mathfrak m})$ be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring and let $I$ be an ideal of $A$. We prove that the Rees algebra ${\mathcal R}(I)$ is an almost Gorenstein ring in the following cases: (1) $(A,{\mathfrak m})$ is a two-dimensional excellent Gorenstein normal domain over an algebraically closed field $K \cong A/{\mathfrak m}$ and $I$ is a $p_g$-ideal; (2) $(A,{\mathfrak m})$ is a two-dimensional almost Gorenstein local ring having minimal multiplicity and $I={\mathfrak m}^{\ell}$ for all $\ell \ge 1$; (3) $(A,{\mathfrak m})$ is a regular local ring of dimension $d \ge 2$ and $I={\mathfrak m}…
Free divisors form a celebrated class of hypersurfaces which has been extensively studied in the past fifteen years. Our main goal is to introduce four new families of homogeneous free divisors and investigate central aspects of the blowup algebras of their Jacobian ideals. For instance, for all families the Rees algebra and its special fiber are shown to be Cohen-Macaulay -- a desirable feature in blowup algebra theory. Moreover, we raise the problem of when the analytic spread of the Jacobian ideal of a (not necessarily free) polynomial is maximal, and we characterize this property with tool…
Let $(R, \frak m)$ be a Noetherian local ring, $M$ a finitely generated $R$-module. The aim of this paper is to prove a uniform formula for the index of reducibility of paprameter ideals of $M$ provided the polynomial type of $M$ is at most one.
We identify minimal cases in which a power $m^i\not=0$ of the maximal ideal of a local ring $R$ is not Golod, i.e.\ the quotient ring $R/m^i$ is not Golod. Complementary to a 2014 result by Rossi and Şega, we prove that for a generic artinian Gorenstein local ring with $m^4=0\not= m^3$, the quotient $R/m^3$ is not Golod. This is provided that $m$ is minimally generated by at least $3$ elements. Indeed, we show that if $m$ is $2$-generated, then every power $m^i\not= 0$ is Golod.
We relate the annihilators of graded components of the canonical module of a graded Cohen-Macaulay ring to colon ideals of powers of the homogeneous maximal ideal. In particular, we connect them to the core of the maximal ideal. An application of our results characterizes Cayley-Bacharach sets of points in terms of the structure of the core of the maximal ideal of their homogeneous coordinate ring. In particular, we show that a scheme is Cayley-Bacharach if and only if the core is a power of the maximal ideal.
We study algebraic and homological properties of facet ideals of order complexes of posets which we call ideals of maximal flags of posets or simply flag ideals. We characterize the unmixed and Cohen-Macaulay flag ideals of graded posets. We also give structural results for the multigraded Betti numbers of flag ideals of such posets. The structural results on multigraded Betti numbers of flag ideals are used to characterize the class of flag ideals with linear resolutions.
Let $(R, \m)$ be a commutative Noetherian local ring with $\m^3 =(0)$. We give a condition for $R$ to have a non-free module of G-dimension zero. We shall also construct a family of non-isomorphic indecomposable modules of G-dimension zero with parameters in an open subset of projective space. We shall finally show that the subcategory consisting of modules of G-dimension zero over $R$ is not necessarily a contravariantly finite subcategory in the category of finitely generated $R$-modules.
Let $(R,\mm)$ be a Noetherian local ring and $M$ a finitely generated $R$-module. We say $M$ has maximal depth if there is an associated prime $\pp$ of $M$ such that $\depth M=\dim R/\pp$. In this paper we study squarefree monomial ideals which have maximal depth. Edge ideals of cycle graphs, transversal polymatroidal ideals and high powers of connected bipartite graph with this property are classified.
We introduce two new invariants of a Noetherian (standard graded) local ring $(R, \mathfrak m)$ that measure the number of generators of certain kinds of reductions of $\mathfrak m,$ and we study their properties. Explicitly, we consider the minimum among the number of generators of ideals $I$ such that either $I^2 = \mathfrak m^2$ or $I \supseteq \mathfrak m^2$ holds. We investigate subsequently the case that $R$ is the quotient of a polynomial ring $k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$ by an ideal $I$ generated by homogeneous quadratic forms, and we compute these invariants. We devote specific attention to t…
Let $\ast $ be a star operation of finite character. Call a $\ast $-ideal $I$ of finite type a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal if $I$ is contained in a unique maximal $\ast $-ideal $M=M(I).$ A maximal $\ast $-ideal that contains a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal is called $\ast $-potent and the same name bears a domain all of whose maximal $\ast $-ideals are $\ast $-potent. One among the various aims of this article is to indicate what makes a $\ast $-ideal of finite type a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal, where and how we can find one, what they can do and how this notion came to be. We also prove some results…
Let $m$, $n$, $a_1$, ..., $a_r$, $b_1$, ..., $b_r$ be integers with $1\leq a_1<...<a_r\leq m$ and $1\leq b_1<...<b_r\leq n$. And let $x$ be the universal $m\times n$ matrix with the property that $i$-minors of first $a_i-1$ rows and first $b_i-1$ columns are all zero, for $i=1$, ..., $r+1$ ($a_{r+1}=m+1$ and $b_{r+1}=n+1$). For an integer $u$ with $1\leq u\leq m$, we denote by $U$ the $u\times n$ matrix consisting of the first $u$ rows of $x$. In this paper, we consider the analytic spread and the reduction number of the ideal of maximal minors of $U$
In this article we revisit a problem regarding Bezout domains, namely, whether every Bezout domain is an elementary divisor domain. We prove that a Bezout domain in which every maximal ideal is principal is an elementary divisor ring
Let $(R, \frak m)$ be a Noetherian local ring and $M$ a finitely generated $R$-module of dimension $d$. A famous result of Northcott says that if $M$ is Cohen-Macaulay, then the index of reducibility of parameter ideals on $M$ is an invariant of the module. The aim of this paper is to extend Northcott's theorem for any finitely generated $R$-module. We call this invariant the stable value of the indices of reducibility of parameter ideals of $M$. We also introduce the limit value of the indices of reducibility of parameter ideals of $M$.
We construct a local Cohen-Macaulay ring $R$ with a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}\in\spec(R)$ such that $R$ satisfies the uniform Auslander condition (UAC), but the localization $R_{\mathfrak{p}}$ does not satisfy Auslander's condition (AC). Given any positive integer $n$, we also construct a local Cohen-Macaulay ring $R$ with a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}\in\spec(R)$ such that $R$ has exactly two non-isomorphic semidualizing modules, but the localization $R_{\mathfrak{p}}$ has $2^n$ non-isomorphic semidualizing modules. Each of these examples is constructed as a fiber product of two local rings ove…
We study different form of boundness for ideals of almost Dedekind domains, generalizing the notions of critical ideals, radical factorization, and SP-domains. We show that every almost Dedekind domain has at least one noncritical maximal ideals and, indeed, the set of noncritical maximal ideals is dense in the maximal space, with respect to the constructible topology; as a consequence, we show that every almost Dedekind domain is SP-scattered, and in particular that the group $\mathrm{Inv}(D)$ of invertible ideals of an almost Dedekind domain $D$ is always free. If $D$ is an almost Dedekind d…
We describe the universal Groebner basis of the ideal of maximal minors and the ideal of $2$-minors of a multigraded matrix of linear forms. Our results imply that the ideals are radical and provide bounds on the regularity. In particular, the ideals of maximal minors have linear resolutions. Our main theoretical contribution consists of introducing two new classes of ideals named after Cartwright and Sturmfels, and proving that they are closed under multigraded hyperplane sections. The gins of the ideals that we study enjoy special properties.
We prove that if M is a finitely-generated module of dimension d with finite local cohomologies over a Noetherian local ring, and if the ith local cohomology module of M is zero unless i = d, i = 0, and i = r for some r strictly between 0 and d, then there is an integer l such that every parameter ideal for M contained in the lth power of the maximal ideal has the same index of reducibility on M. This theorem generalizes work of the second author (math.AC/0408143) and is closely related to work of S. Goto, H. Sakurai (math.AC/0306148), and N. Suzuki.
We study higher jumping numbers and generalized test ideals associated to determinantal ideals over a field of positive characteristic. We work in positive characteristic and give a complete characterization of both families for ideals generated by maximal minors; and make a conjecture for the general case. Although these invariants are understood asymptotically - as their positive characteristic grows to infinity they essentially coincide with their characteristic zero analogues - there are known examples where the behavior in positive characteristic differs significantly from that of charact…
We compute the GL-equivariant description of the local cohomology modules with support in the ideal of maximal minors of a generic matrix, as well as of those with support in the ideal of 2n x 2n Pfaffians of a (2n+1)x(2n+1) generic skew-symmetric matrix. As an application, we characterize the Cohen-Macaulay modules of covariants for the action of the special linear group SL(G) on G^m. The main tool we develop is a method for computing certain Ext modules based on the geometric technique for computing syzygies and on Matlis duality.
Results are presented concerning the following question: If M is a finitely-generated module with finite local cohomologies over a Noetherian local ring (A, m), does there exist an integer n such that every parameter ideal for M contained in m^n has the same index of reducibility? We show that the answer is yes if M has dimension 1 or if M has dimension 2 and positive depth. This research is closely related to work of Goto-Suzuki and Goto-Sakurai; Goto-Sakurai have supplied an answer of yes in case M is Buchsbaum.
The basic notion of the article is a pair (A,U), where A is a commutative C*-algebra and U is a partial isometry such that mapping U()U* is an endomorphism of A and U*U belongs to A. We give a description of the maximal ideal space of the smallest coefficient C*-algebra of the algebra C*(A,U) generated by the system (A,U).
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The co-maximal ideal graph of $R$, denoted by $Γ(R)$, is a graph whose vertices are the proper ideals of $R$ which are not contained in the Jacobson radical of $R$, and two vertices $I_1$ and $I_2$ are adjacent if and only if $I_1 + I_2 = R$. We classify all commutative rings whose co-maximal ideal graphs are planar. In 2012 the following question was posed: If $Γ(R)$ is an infinite star graph, can $R$ be isomorphic to the direct product of a field and a local ring? In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to this question.
The Hilbert depth of a module M is the maximum depth that occurs among all modules with the same Hilbert function as M. In this note we compute the Hilbert depths of the powers of the irrelevant maximal ideal in a standard graded polynomial ring.
Suppose that k is a field of characteristic zero, X is an r by s matrix of indeterminates, where r \leq s, and R = k[X] is the polynomial ring over k in the entries of X. We study the local cohomology modules H^i_I(R), where I is the ideal of R generated by the maximal minors of X. We identify the indices i for which these modules vanish, compute H^i_I(R) at the highest nonvanishing index, i = r(s-r)+1, and characterize all nonzero ones as submodules of certain indecomposable injective modules. These results are consequences of more general theorems regarding linearly reductive groups acting o…
