We describe the prime ideals and, in particular, the maximal ideals in products $R = \prod D_λ$ of families $(D_λ)_{λ\in Λ}$ of commutative rings. We show that every maximal ideal is induced by an ultrafilter on the Boolean algebra $\prod \mathcal{P}(\max(D_λ))$, where $\max(D_λ)$ is the spectrum of maximal ideals of $D_λ$, and $\mathcal{P}$ denotes the power set. If every $D_λ$ is in a certain class of rings including finite character domains and one-dimensional domains, we completely characterize the maximal ideals of $R$. If every $D_λ$ is a Prüfer domain, we completely characterize all prime ideals of $R$.
In this study, we introduce the concept of "uniformly 2-absorbing primary ideals" of commutative rings, which imposes a certain boundedness condition on the usual notion of 2-absorbing primary ideals of commutative rings. Then we investigate some properties of uniformly 2-absorbing primary ideals of commutative rings with examples. Also, we investigate a specific kind of uniformly 2-absorbing primary ideals by the name of "special 2-absorbing primary ideals".
A famous result due to I. M. Isaacs states that if a commutative ring $R$ has the property that every prime ideal is principal, then every ideal of $R$ is principal. This motivates ring theorists to study commutative rings for which every ideal is a direct sum of cyclically presented modules. In this paper, we study commutative rings whose ideals are direct sum of cyclically presented modules.
The support of any module over a commutative ring is defined as the collection of all prime ideals of the ring at which the localization of the module is non-zero. For finitely generated modules, the support is the collection of all prime ideals containing the annihilator of the module. In this article, we raise the natural question that over which commutative rings, the support of every module is the collection of all the prime ideals of its annihilator. We completely classify such rings, and in the process it also comes out that it is enough to require that only for countably generated modul…
In commutative ring theory, there is a theorem of Cohen which states that if in a commutative ring all prime ideals are finitely generated then every ideal is finitely generated. However, it is known that having only maximal ideals finitely generated doesn't imply all ideals be finitely generated. In his article we ask the question that what happens if we assume all non-maximal ideals are finitely generated, and we answer the question by showing that indeed then all maximal ideals are also finitely generated i.e. the ring becomes Noetherian.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$. In this paper, we introduce the cozero-divisor graph $\acuteΓ_I(R)$ of $R$ and obtain some related results.
All rings are commutative with $1\neq0$. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the concept of weakly $n$-absorbing ideals generalizing weakly 2-absorbing ideals. We prove that over a $u$-ring $R$ the Anderson-Badawi's conjectures about $n$-absorbing ideals and the Badawi-Yousefian's question about weakly 2-absorbing ideals hold.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate prime, primary, and maximal ideals of semirings. The localization and primary decomposition of ideals in semirings are also studied.
Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$. Let $R$ be a $G$-graded commutative ring with identity and $M$ a graded $R$-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule as a generalization of a graded prime submodule for $I=\oplus_{g\in G}I_{g}$ a fixed graded ideal of $R$. We give a number of results concerning of these classes of graded submodules and their homogeneous components. A proper graded submodule $N$ of $M$ is said to be a graded $I_{e}$-prime submodule of $M$ if whenever $% r_{g}\in h(R)$ and $m_{h}\in h(M)$ with $r_{g}m_{h}\in N-I_{e}N,$ then either $r_…
For commutative rings with identity, we introduce and study the concept of semi $r$-ideals which is a kind of generalization of both $r$-ideals and semiprime ideals. A proper ideal $I$ of a commutative ring $R$ is called semi $r$-ideal if whenever $a^{2}\in I$ and $Ann_{R}(a)=0$, then $a\in I$. Several properties and characterizations of this class of ideals are determined. In particular, we investigate semi $r$-ideal under various contexts of constructions such as direct products, localizations, homomorphic images, idealizations and amalagamations rings. We extend semi $r$-ideals of rings to …
We define a new generalization of n-absorbing ideals in commutative rings called n-absorbing I-primary ideals. We investigate some characterizations and properties of such new generalization. If P is an n-absorbing I-primary ideal of R and $\sqrt{IP} =I \sqrt{P} $, then $\sqrt{P}$ is a n-absorbing I-primary ideal of R. Also, if $\sqrt{P}$ is an (n-1)-absorbing ideal of R such that $\sqrt{I \sqrt{P}} \subseteq IP$, then P is an n-absorbing I-primary ideal of R.
In this study, we present the generalization of the concept of $r$-ideals in commutative rings with nonzero identity. Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $0\neq1$ and $L(R)$ be the lattice of all ideals of $R$. Suppose that $ϕ:L(R)\rightarrow L(R)\cup\left\{\emptyset\right\}$ is a function. A proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is called a $ϕ-r$-ideal of $R$ if whenever $ab\in I$ and $Ann(a)=(0)$ imply that $b\in I$ for each $a,b\in R.$ In addition to giving many properties of $ϕ-r$-ideal, we also examine the concept of $ϕ-r$-ideal in trivial ring extension and use them to characterize total quotient rings…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with nonzero identity, and $δ:\mathcal{I(R)}\rightarrow\mathcal{I(R)}$ be an ideal expansion where $\mathcal{I(R)}$ the set of all ideals of $R$. In this paper, we introduce the concept of $δ$-$n$-ideals which is an extension of $n$-ideals in commutative rings. We call a proper ideal $I$ of $R$ a $δ$-$n$-ideal if whenever $a,b\in R$ with$\ ab\in I$ and $a\notin\sqrt{0}$, then $b\in δ(I)$. For example, $δ_{1}$ is defined by $δ_{1}(I)=\sqrt{I}.$ A number of results and characterizations related to $δ$-$n$-ideals are given. Furthermore, we present some results relate…
We propose a novel approach to distinguish table vs non-table ideals by using different machine learning algorithms. We introduce the reader to table ideals, assuming some knowledge on commutative algebra and describe their main properties. We create a data set containing table and non-table ideals, and we use a feedforward neural network model, a decision tree and a graph neural networks for the classification. Our results indicate that there exists an algorithm to distinguish table ideals from non-table ideals, and we prove it along some novel results on table ideals.
In this paper we study the concept of radical factorization in the context of abstract ideal theory in order to obtain a unified approach to the theory of factorization into radical ideals and elements in the literature of commutative rings, monoids and ideal systems. Using this approach we derive new characterizations of classes of rings whose ideals are a product of radical ideals, and we obtain also similar characterizations for classes of ideal systems in monoids and star ideals in integral domains.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. A. Yassine et al. defined in the paper (Yassine, Nikmehr and Nikandish, 2020), the concept of $1$-absorbing prime ideals as follows: a proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is said to be a $1$-absorbing prime ideal if whenever $xyz\in I$ for some nonunit elements $x,y,z\in R$, then either $xy\in I$ or $z\in\ I$. We use the concept of $1$-absorbing prime ideals to study those commutative rings in which every proper ideal is a product of $1$-absorbing prime ideals (we call them $OAF$-rings). Any $OAF$-ring has dimension at most one and local $OAF$-domains $…
Let S be a set of n ideals of a commutative ring A. Let G_{even} (respectively G_{odd}) denote the product of all the sums of even (respectively odd) number of ideals of S. If n<7 the product of G_{even} and the intersection of all ideals of S is included in G_{odd}. In the case A is an Noetherian integral domain, this inclusion is replaced by equality if and only if A is a Dedekind domain.
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring and $M$ a finitely generated $R$-module. Under various hypotheses, it is proved that the center of $\mbox{End}_R(M)$ coincides with the endomorphism ring of the trace ideal of $M$. These results are exploited to establish results for balanced and rigid modules, and to settle certain cases of a conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. An ideal $I$ of $R$ is said to be a big ideal (resp. an upper big ideal) if whenever $J\subsetneqq I$ (resp. $I\subsetneqq J$), $J^{n}\subsetneqq I^{n}$ (resp. $I^{n}\subsetneqq J^{n}$) for every $n\geq 1$; and $R$ itself is a big ideal ring provided that every ideal of $R$ is a big ideal. In this paper we study the notions of big ideals, upper big ideals and big ideal rings in different contexts of commutative rings such us integrally closed domains, pullbacks and trivial ring extensions etc. We show that the notions of big and upper big ideals are…
Let $R$ be a commutative chain ring. We use a variation of Gröbner bases to study the lattice of ideals of $R[x]$. Let $I$ be a proper ideal of $R[x]$. We are interested in the following two questions: When is $R[x]/I$ Frobenius? When is $R[x]/I$ Frobenius and local? We develop algorithms for answering both questions. When the nilpotency of $\text{rad}\,R$ is small, the algorithms provide explicit answers to the questions.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly $J$-ideals as a new generalization of $J$-ideals. We call a proper ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ a weakly $J$-ideal if whenever $a,b\in R$ with $0\neq ab\in I$ and $a\notin J(R)$, then $a\in I$. Many of the basic properties and characterizations of this concept are studied. We investigate weakly $J$-ideals under various contexts of constructions such as direct products, localizations, homomorphic images. Moreover, a number of examples and results on weakly $J$-ideals are discussed. Finally, the th…
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. In this paper, we introduce the concept of quasi $J$-ideal which is a generalization of $J$-ideal. A proper ideal of $R$ is called a quasi $J$-ideal if its radical is a $J$-ideal. Many characterizations of quasi $J$-ideals in some special rings are obtained. We characterize rings in which every proper ideal is quasi $J$-ideal. Further, as a generalization of presimplifiable rings, we define the notion of quasi presimplifiable rings. We call a ring $R$ a quasi presimplifiable ring if whenever $a,b\in R$ and $a=ab$, then either $a$ is a nilpotent or $…
Let $\mathcal{I}(R)$ be the set of all ideals of a ring $R$, $δ$ be an expansion function of $\mathcal{I}(R)$. In this paper, the $δ$-$J$-ideal of a commutative ring is defined, that is, if $a, b\in R$ and $ab\in I\in \mathcal{I}(R)$, then $a\in J(R)$ (the Jacobson radical of $R$) or $b\in δ(I)$. Moreover, some properties of $δ$-$J$-ideals are discussed,such as localizations, homomorphic images, idealization and so on.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $S$ a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$. This paper aims to introduce the concept of $S$-$n$-ideals as a generalization of $n$-ideals. An ideal $I$ of $R$ disjoint with $S$ is called an $S$-$n$-ideal if there exists $s\in S$ such that whenever $ab\in I$ for $a,b\in R$, then $sa\in\sqrt{0}$ or $sb\in I$. The relationship among $S$% -$n$-ideals, $n$-ideals, $S$-prime and $S$-primary ideals are clarified. Several properties, characterizations and examples are presented such as investigating $S$-$n$-ideals under various contexts of constructions …
We use the concept of 2-absorbing ideal introduced by Badawi to study those commutative rings in which every proper ideal is a product of 2-absorbing ideals (we call them TAF-rings). Any TAF-ring has dimension at most one and the local TAF-domains are the atomic pseudo-valuation domains.
Freiman's theorem gives a lower bound for the cardinality of the doubling of a finite set in $\RR^n$. In this paper we give an interpretation of his theorem for monomial ideals and their fiber cones. We call a quasi-equigenerated monomial ideal a Freiman ideal, if the set of its exponent vectors achieves Freiman's lower bound for its doubling. Algebraic characterizations of Freiman ideals are given, and finite simple graphs are classified whose edge ideals or matroidal ideals of its cycle matroids are Freiman ideals.
All rings are commutative with $1$ and $n$ is a positive integer. Let $ϕ: J(R)\to J(R)\cup{\emptyset}$ be a function where $J(R)$ denotes the set of all ideals of $R$. We say that a proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is $ϕ$-$n$-absorbing primary if whenever $a_1,a_2,...,a_{n+1}\in R$ and $a_1a_2\cdots a_{n+1}\in I\backslashϕ(I)$, either $a_1a_2\cdots a_n\in I$ or the product of $a_{n+1}$ with $(n-1)$ of $a_1,...,a_n$ is in $\sqrt{I}$. The aim of this paper is to investigate the concept of $ϕ$-$n$-absorbing primary ideals.
The prime ideal sum graph of a commutative unital ring $R$, denoted by $PIS(R)$, is an undirect and simple graph whose vertices are non-trivial ideals of $R$ and there exists and edge between to distinct vertices if and only if their sum is a prime ideal of $R$. In this paper, the metric dimension of $PIS(R)$ is discussed and some formulae for this parameter in $PIS(R)$ are given.
It is shown that any set of nonzero monomial prime ideals can be realized as the stable set of associated prime ideals of a monomial ideal. Moreover, an algorithm is given to compute the stable set of associated prime ideals of a monomial ideal.
We prove that if the initial ideal of a prime ideal is Borel-fixed and the dimension of the quotient ring is less than or equal to two, then given any non-minimal associated prime ideal of the initial ideal it contains another associated prime ideal of dimension one larger.
We consider the class of all commutative reduced rings for which there exists a finite subset T of A such that all projections on quotients by prime ideals of A are surjective when restricted to T. A complete structure theorem is given for this class of rings, and it is studied its relation with other finiteness conditions on the quotients of a ring over its prime ideals.
A twisted commutative algebra is (for us) a commutative $\mathbf{Q}$-algebra equipped with an action of the infinite general linear group. In such algebras the "$\mathbf{GL}$-prime" ideals assume the duties fulfilled by prime ideals in ordinary commutative algebra, and so it is crucial to understand them. Unfortunately, distinct $\mathbf{GL}$-primes can have the same radical, which obstructs one from studying them geometrically. We show that this problem can be eliminated by working with super vector spaces: doing so provides enough geometry to distinguish $\mathbf{GL}$-primes. This yields an …
It is shown that a squarefree principal Borel ideal satisfies the persistence property for the associated prime ideals. For the graded maximal ideal we compute the index of stability with respect to squarefree principal Borel ideals and determine their stable set of associated prime ideals.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with $1\neq0$. In this article, we introduce the concept of weakly $(m,n)-$closed $δ-$primary ideals of $R$ and explore its basic properties. We show that $I\bowtie^{f}J$ is a weakly $(m,n)-$closed $δ_{\bowtie^{f}}-$primary ideal of $A\bowtie^{f}J$ that is not $(m,n)-$closed $δ_{\bowtie^{f}}-$primary if and only if $I$ is a weakly $(m,n)-$closed $δ-$primary ideal of $A$ that is not $(m,n)-$closed $δ-$primary and for every $δ$-$(m,n)$-unbreakable-zero element $a$ of $I$ we have $(f(a)+j)^{m}=0$ for every $j\in~J$, where $f:A\rightarrow B$ is a homomorphism of rings…
An ideal I of a commutative ring R is said to be irreducible if it cannot be written as the intersection of two larger ideals. A proper ideal I of a ring R is said to be strongly irreducible if for each ideals J, K of R, J\cap K\subseteq I implies that J\subset I or K\subset I. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of 2-irreducible and strongly 2-irreducible ideals which are generalizations of irreducible and strongly irreducible ideals, respectively. We say that a proper ideal I of a ring R is 2-irreducible if for each ideals J, K and L of R, I= J\cap K\cap L implies that either I=J\cap K …
We determine the metric dimension of the annihilating-ideal graph of a local finite commutative principal ring and a finite commutative principal ring with two maximal ideals. We also find the bounds for the metric dimension of the annihilating-ideal graph of an arbitrary finite commutative principal ring.
In this paper we consider the local cohomology of monomial ideals with respect to monomial prime ideals and show that all these local cohomology modules are tame.
It is known that the polyomino ideal of a simple polyomino is a prime ideal. A new class of nonsimple polyominoes $\Pc$ for which the polyomino ideal $I_{\Pc}$ is a prime ideal will be presented.
In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of weakly prime ideals called $I$-prime. Suppose $R$ is a commutative ring with identity and $I$ a fixed ideal of $R$. A proper ideal $P$ of $R$ is $I$-prime if for $a, b \in R$ with $ab \in P-IP$ implies either $a \in P$ or $b \in P$. We give some characterizations of $I$-prime ideals and study some of its properties. Moreover, we give conditions under which $I$-prime ideals becomes prime or weakly prime and we construct the view of $I$-prime ideal in decomposite rings.
Let R be a commutative ring and let Spec(R) denote the collection of prime ideals of R. We define a topology on Spec(R) by using ultrafilters and demonstrate that this topology is identical to the well known patch or constructible topology. The proof is accomplished by use of a von Neumann regular ring canonically associated with $R$.
In this paper, the new concept of quasi-prime ideal is introduced which at the same time generalizes the `prime ideal' and `primary ideal' notions. Then a natural topology on the set of quasi-prime ideals of a ring is introduced which generalizes the Zariski topology. The basic properties of the quasi-prime spectrum are studied and several interesting results are obtained. Specially, it is proved that if the Grothendieck t-functor is applied on the quasi-prime spectrum then the prime spectrum is deduced. It is also shown that there are the cases that the prime spectrum and quasi-prime spectrum…
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of strongly 2-absorbing primary ideals (resp., submodules) and strongly 2-absorbing ideals (resp., submodules) as generalizations of strongly prime ideals. Furthermore, we investigate some basic properties of these classes of ideals.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity. The structure theorem says that $R$ is a PIR (resp., UFR, general ZPI-ring, $π$-ring) if and only if $R$ is a finite direct product of PIDs (resp., UFDs, Dedekind domains, $π$-domains) and special primary rings. All of these four types of integral domains are Krull domains, so motivated by the structure theorem, we study the prime factorization of ideals in a ring that is a finite direct product of Krull domains and special primary rings. Such a ring will be called a general Krull ring. It is known that Krull domains can be characterized by the star…
