arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2001.03558astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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Ia型SN 1972 E和SN 1895 B的30年射电观测:对星周壳的约束

Thirty Years of Radio Observations of Type Ia SN 1972E and SN 1895B: Constraints on Circumstellar Shells

Yvette Cendes, Maria R. Drout, Laura Chomiuk, Sumit K. Sarbadhicary

摘要:

我们已经拍摄了超过35年的档案甚大阵列(VLA)观测附近(d $_{\rm{L}}$ $=$ 3.15 Mpc)Ia型超新星SN\,1972 E和SN\,1895 B爆炸后9年至121年。没有检测到无线电发射,限制了SN 1,1972 E和SN 1的8.5 GHz亮度,1895 B to be L $_{ν,8.5\rm{GHz}}$ $<$ 6.0 $\times$ 10 $^{23}$ erg s @ MATHABMS Hz $^{-1}$爆炸后45年和L $_{ν,8.5\rm{GHz}}$ $<$ 8.9 $\times$ ABMQ 10 $^{23}$ erg s $^{-1}$ Hz $^{-1}$爆炸后121年。这些限制意味着一个干净的拱星介质(CSM),$n$ $<$ 0.9 cm $^{-3}$到几个$\times$ 10 $^{18}$ cm的半径,如果SN爆炸波扩展到均匀密度的材料。由于我们的观测覆盖了广泛的时间,我们也限制了围绕SN 1,1972 E的祖先的CSM壳层的存在。我们基本上排除了在$\sim$ 10 $^{17}$和10 $^{18}$ cm之间半径处质量为0.05 $-$ 0.3 M $_\odot$的所有中厚壳,以及质量低至$\lesssim$ 0.01 M $_\odot$的特定半径处的薄壳。这些限制排除了一系列单和双退化祖先场景的参数空间,包括经常性新星,核心退化物体,超快速爆炸和白矮星(WD)合并,合并和爆炸之间的延迟几百年。允许的祖先包括WD-WD系统与一个显着的($>$ 10 $^{4}$年)延迟从最后一集的共同信封演变和单一的退化系统经历复发新星,只要复发时标是短的,该系统已在新星阶段为$\gtrsim$ 10 $^{4}$年,这样一个大($>$ 10 $^{18}$ cm)腔已被抽空。未来对额外的中龄Ia型超新星的多历元观测将提供这些爆炸周围大规模CSM环境的全面视图。

英文摘要:

We have imaged over 35 years of archival Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the nearby (d$_{\rm{L}}$ $=$ 3.15 Mpc) Type Ia supernovae SN\,1972E and SN\,1895B between 9 and 121 years post-explosion. No radio emission is detected, constraining the 8.5 GHz luminosities of SN\,1972E and SN\,1895B to be L$_{ν,8.5\rm{GHz}}$ $<$ 6.0 $\times$ 10$^{23}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ 45 years post-explosion and L$_{ν,8.5\rm{GHz}}$ $<$ 8.9 $\times$ 10$^{23}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ 121 years post-explosion, respectively. These limits imply a clean circumstellar medium (CSM), with $n$ $<$ 0.9 cm$^{-3}$ out to radii of a few $\times$ 10$^{18}$ cm, if the SN blastwave is expanding into uniform density material. Due to the extensive time coverage of our observations, we also constrain the presence of CSM shells surrounding the progenitor of SN\,1972E. We rule out essentially all medium and thick shells with masses of 0.05$-$0.3 M$_\odot$ at radii between $\sim$10$^{17}$ and 10$^{18}$ cm, and thin shells at specific radii with masses down to $\lesssim$0.01 M$_\odot$. These constraints rule out swaths of parameter space for a range of single and double degenerate progenitor scenarios, including recurrent nova, core-degenerate objects, ultra-prompt explosions and white dwarf (WD) mergers with delays of a few hundred years between the onset of merger and explosion. Allowed progenitors include WD-WD systems with a significant ($>$ 10$^{4}$ years) delay from the last episode of common envelope evolution and single degenerate systems undergoing recurrent nova, provided that the recurrence timescale i short and the system has been in the nova phase for $\gtrsim$10$^{4}$ yr, such that a large ($>$ 10$^{18}$ cm) cavity has been evacuated. Future multi-epoch observations of additional intermediate-aged Type Ia SNe will provide a comprehensive view of the large-scale CSM environments around these explosions.

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