During the last few years, intensive research efforts are being done in the field of brain interfaces to extract neuro-information from the signals representing neuronal activities in the human brain. A recent development of these interfaces is capable of direct communication between animals' brains, enabling direct brain-to-brain communication. Although these results are new and the experimental scenario simple, the fast development in neuroscience, and information and communication technologies indicate the potential of new scenarios for wireless communications between brains. Depending of the specific kind of neuro-activity to be communicated, the brain-to-brain link shall follow strict requirements of high data rates, low-latency, and reliable communication. In this paper we highlight key beyond 5G technologies that potentially will support this promising approach.
During the last few years, intensive research efforts are being done in the field of brain interfaces to extract neuro-information from the signals representing neuronal activities in the human brain. Recent development of brain-to-computer interfaces support direct communication between animals' brains, enabling direct brain-to-brain communication. Although these results are based on binary communication with relaxed requirements of latency and throughput, the fast development in neuro-science technologies indicates potential new scenarios for wireless communications between brains. In this p…
5G wireless communications technology is being launched, with many smart applications being integrated. However, 5G specifications merge the requirements of new emerging technologies forcefully. These include data rate, capacity, latency, reliability, resources sharing, and energy/bit. To meet these challenging demands, research is focusing on 6G wireless communications enabling different technologies and emerging new applications. In this report, the latest research work on 6G technologies and applications is summarized, and the associated research challenges are discussed.
In this paper, we critically review the potential of today's terrestrial wireless communication systems including wireless cellular technologies (GSM, UMTS, LTE, NR), wireless local area networks (WLANs), and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), for estimating channel state information (CSI), the ratio between training and information symbols and the rate of channel variation, and the potential use of CSI in environment aware wireless communications. The research reveals, that early communication systems provide means for narrowband channel estimation and the CSI is only available as channel atten…
In the last years, we have experienced the evolution of wireless localization from being a simple add-on feature for enabling specific applications to become an essential characteristic of wireless cellular networks, as for sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks. This paper illustrates the importance of radio localization and its role in all the cellular generations, from first-generation (1G) to 6G. Also, it speculates about the idea of holographic localization where the characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves, including the spherical wavefront in the near-field, are fully controlled a…
Human-centric applications such as virtual reality and immersive gaming will be central to the future wireless networks. Common features of such services include: a) their dependence on the human user's behavior and state, and b) their need for more network resources compared to conventional cellular applications. To successfully deploy such applications over wireless and cellular systems, the network must be made cognizant of not only the quality-of-service (QoS) needs of the applications, but also of the perceptions of the human users on this QoS. In this paper, by explicitly modeling the li…
Comprehensive Review of Advances and Challenges in Next Generation Wireless Networks: From Novel Hardware Technologies to Learning Based Resource Allocation in 6G
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering, University of Tehran（德黑兰大学工程学院电气与计算机工程学院）
Reconfigurable Antennas for Next-Generation Wireless Communications: Technologies, Prototypes, Architectures, and Signal Processing
School of Engineering, the University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学工程学院）；CEMSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学计算机、电气和数学科学与工程学院）
This paper looks at various aspects of Machine Learning (ML) applications in wireless communication technologies, focusing mainly on fifth-generation (5G) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies. This paper includes the summaries of 3 papers on machine learning applications in wireless communication technology. The paper deals with the need for integration of machine learning in wireless communication, types of machine learning techniques used in wireless communication, advantages and potential of ML in wireless communication, and implementation parameters of ML in wireless communication, as…
Fifth-generation (5G) communication, which has many more features than fourth-generation communication, will be officially launched very soon. A new paradigm of wireless communication, the sixth-generation (6G) system, with the full support of artificial intelligence is expected to be deployed between 2027 and 2030. In beyond 5G, there are some fundamental issues, which need to be addressed are higher system capacity, higher data rate, lower latency, and improved quality of service (QoS) compared to 5G system. This paper presents the vision of future 6G wireless communication and its network a…
While fifth-generation (5G) communications are being rolled out around the world, sixth-generation (6G) communications have attracted much attention from both the industry and academia. Compared with 5G, 6G will have a wider frequency band, higher transmission rate, spectrum efficiency, greater connection capacity, shorter delay, wider coverage and stronger anti-interference capability, so as to meet the various network requirements for industries. In this paper, we present a survey of potential essential technologies in 6G. In particular, we will introduce artificial intelligence, intelligent…
The EU COST Action NEWFOCUS is focused on investigating radical solutions with the potential to impact the design of future wireless networks. It aims to address some of the challenges in OWC and establish it as an efficient technology that can satisfy the demanding requirements of backhaul and access network levels in 5G networks. This also includes the use of hybrid links that associate OWC with radiofrequency or wired/fiber-based technologies. The focus of this White Paper is on the use of optical wireless communication (OWC) as enabling technology in a range of areas outlined in HE's Pilla…
This paper presents the first comprehensive tutorial on a promising research field located at the frontier of two well-established domains: Neurosciences and wireless communications, motivated by the ongoing efforts to define how the sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) will be. In particular, this tutorial first provides a novel integrative approach that bridges the gap between these two, seemingly disparate fields. Then, we present the state-of-the-art and key challenges of these two topics. In particular, we propose a novel systematization that divides the contributions into two groups,…
Techno-economic assessment is a fundamental technique engineers use for evaluating new communications technologies. However, despite the techno-economics of the fifth cellular generation (5G) being an active research area, it is surprising there are few comprehensive evaluations of this growing literature. With mobile network operators deploying 5G across their networks, it is therefore an opportune time to appraise current accomplishments and review the state-of-the-art. Such insight can inform the flurry of 6G research papers currently underway and help engineers in their mission to provide …
Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence(AI) have become alternative approaches in wireless networksbeside conventional approaches such as model based solutionconcepts. Whereas traditional design concepts include the mod-elling of the behaviour of the underlying processes, AI basedapproaches allow to design network functions by learning frominput data which is supposed to get mapped to specific outputs(training). Additionally, new input/output relations can be learntduring the deployement phase of the function (online learning)and make AI based solutions flexible, in order to react to…
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown to include the tracking of devices through the use of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) and Location Based Services (LBS). When designing an IPS, a popular approach involves using wireless networks to calculate the approximate location of the target from devices with predetermined positions. In many smart building applications, LBS are necessary for efficient workspaces to be developed. In this paper, we examine two memoryless positioning techniques, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naive Bayes, and compare them with simple trilateration, in …
With the commencement of the 5G of wireless networks, researchers around the globe have started paying their attention to the imminent challenges that may emerge in the beyond 5G (B5G) era. Various revolutionary technologies and innovative services are offered in 5G networks, which, along with many principal advantages, are anticipated to bring a boom in the number of connected wireless devices and the types of use-cases that may cause the scarcity of network resources. These challenges partly emerged with the advent of massive machine-type communications (mMTC) services, require extensive res…
While fifth-generation (5G) communications are being rolled out worldwide, sixth-generation (6G) communications have attracted much attention from both the industry and the academia. Compared with 5G, 6G will have a wider frequency band, higher transmission rate, spectrum efficiency, greater connection capacity, shorter delay, broader coverage, and more robust anti-interference capability to satisfy various network requirements. This survey presents an insightful understanding of 6G wireless communications by introducing requirements, features, critical technologies, challenges, and applicatio…
The increase of cyberattacks using IoT devices has exposed the vulnerabilities in the infrastructures that make up the IoT and have shown how small devices can affect networks and services functioning. This paper presents a review of the vulnerabilities of the wireless technologies that bear the IoT and assessing the experiences in implementing wireless attacks targeting the Internet of Things using Software-Defined Radio (SDR) technologies. A systematic literature review was conducted. The types of vulnerabilities and attacks that can affect the wireless technologies that stand the IoT ecosys…
The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly becoming an integral part of our life and also multiple industries. We expect to see the number of IoT connected devices explosively grows and will reach hundreds of billions during the next few years. To support such a massive connectivity, various wireless technologies are investigated. In this survey, we provide a broad view of the existing wireless IoT connectivity technologies and discuss several new emerging technologies and solutions that can be effectively used to enable massive connectivity for IoT. In particular, we categorize the existing wire…
The advent of the wireless communications systems augurs new cutting-edge technologies, including self-driving vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, autonomous robots, Internet-of-Things, and virtual reality. These technologies require high data rates, ultra-low latency, and high reliability, all of which are promised by the fifth generation of wireless communication systems (5G). Many research groups state that 5G cannot meet its demands without artificial intelligence (AI) integration as 5G wireless networks are expected to generate unprecedented traffic giving wireless research designers acces…
In this article, we first present our vision on the application scenarios, performance metrics, and potential key technologies of the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks. Then, 6G wireless channel measurements, characteristics, and models are comprehensively surveyed for all frequency bands and all scenarios, focusing on millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and optical wireless communication channels under all spectrums, satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), maritime, and underwater acoustic communication channels under global coverage scenarios, and high-speed trai…
The ambitious high data-rate applications in the envisioned future B5G networks require new solutions, including the advent of more advanced architectures than the ones already used in 5G networks, and the coalition of different communications schemes and technologies to enable these applications requirements. Among the candidate schemes for future wireless networks are NOMA schemes that allow serving more than one user in the same resource block by multiplexing users in other domains than frequency or time. In this way, NOMA schemes tend to offer several advantages over OMA schemes such as im…
University of Tasmania, Australia（塔斯马尼亚大学）；Macquarie University, Australia（麦考瑞大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China（电子科技大学）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China（华中科技大学）；University of California, San Diego, USA（加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校）；University of Technology Sydney, Australia（悉尼科技大学）
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a powerful communication tool between users and systems, which enhances the capability of the human brain in communicating and interacting with the environment directly. Advances in neuroscience and computer science in the past decades have led to exciting developments in BCI, thereby making BCI a top interdisciplinary research area in computational neuroscience and intelligence. Recent technological advances such as wearable sensing devices, real-time data streaming, machine learning, and deep learning approaches have increased interest in electroencephalogra…
Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学）；Ericsson Research（爱立信研究）；European Space Agency（欧洲空间局）；Magna Electronics Sweden AB（麦格纳电子瑞典有限公司）；Lund University（隆德大学）
The recently commercialized fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication networks achieved many improvements, including air interface enhancement, spectrum expansion, and network intensification by several key technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), millimeter-wave communications, and ultra-dense networking. Despite the deployment of 5G commercial systems, wireless communications is still facing many challenges to enable connected intelligence and a myriad of applications such as industrial Internet-of-things, autonomous systems, brain-computer interfaces, digital …
Terahertz communications are envisioned as a key technology for 6G, which requires 100+ Gbps data rates, 1-millisecond latency, among other performance metrics. As a fundamental wireless infrastructure, the THz communication can boost abundant promising applications, including next-generation WLAN systems like Tera-WiFi, THz wireless backhaul, as well as other long-awaited novel communication paradigms. Serving as a basis of efficient wireless communication and networking design, this paper highlights the key THz channel features and recent advancements in device technologies. In light of thes…
Terahertz (THz) communication is now being considered as one of possible technologies for the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) space-time-frequency non-stationary theoretical channel model is first proposed for 6G THz wireless communication systems employing ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies with long traveling paths. Considering frequency-dependent diffuse scattering, which is a special property of THz channels different from millimeter wave (mmWave) channels, the relative angles and delays of ra…
A Survey on Reconfigurable and Movable Antennas for Wireless Communications and Sensing
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）
Many emerging technologies, such as ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO), terahertz (THz) communications are under active discussion as promising technologies to support the extremely high access rate and superior network capacity in the future sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems. However, such technologies are still facing many challenges for practical implementation. In particular, UM-MIMO and THz communication require extremely large number of radio frequency (RF) chains, and hence suffering from prohibitive hardware cost and complexity. In this article, we …
The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are currently being deployed, and beyond 5G (B5G) networks are expected to be developed over the next decade. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and, in particular, machine learning (ML) have the potential to efficiently solve the unstructured and seemingly intractable problems by involving large amounts of data that need to be dealt with in B5G. This article studies how AI and ML can be leveraged for the design and operation of B5G networks. We first provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future challenges that re…
Recently, advanced technologies have unlimited potential in solving various problems with a large amount of data. However, these technologies have yet to show competitive performance in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) which deal with brain signals. Basically, brain signals are difficult to collect in large quantities, in particular, the amount of information would be sparse in spontaneous BCIs. In addition, we conjecture that high spatial and temporal similarities between tasks increase the prediction difficulty. We define this problem as sparse condition. To solve this, a factorization appro…
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies have been widely used in many areas. In particular, non-invasive technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG) or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have been used to detect motor imagery, disease, or mental state. It has been already shown in literature that the hybrid of EEG and NIRS has better results than their respective individual signals. The fusion algorithm for EEG and NIRS sources is the key to implement them in real-life applications. In this research, we propose three fusion methods for the hybrid of the EEG and NIRS-based brain-comput…
Social distancing plays a pivotal role in preventing the spread of viral diseases illnesses such as COVID-19. By minimizing the close physical contact among people, we can reduce the chances of catching the virus and spreading it across the community. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. To that end, we first provide a comprehensive background of social distancing including basic concepts, measurements, models, and propose va…
Internet-of-Everything (IoE) has gradually been recognized as an integral part of future wireless networks. In IoE, there can be an ultra-massive number of smart devices of various types to be served, imposing multi-dimensional requirements on wireless communication, sensing, and security. In this article, we provide a tutorial overview of the promising intelligent reflection communication (IRC) technologies, including reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC), to support the requirements of IoE applications beyond the fifth-generation (5G) wireless …
Electrification turned over a new leaf in aviation by introducing new types of aerial vehicles along with new means of transportation. Addressing a plethora of use cases, drones are gaining attention and increasingly appear in the sky. Emerging concepts of flying taxi enable passengers to be transported over several tens of kilometers. Therefore, unmanned traffic management systems are under development to cope with the complexity of future airspace, thereby resulting in unprecedented communication needs. Moreover, the increase in the number of commercial airplanes pushes the limits of voice-o…
The recently completed 5G new radio standard is a result of several cutting-edge technologies, including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), millimeter (mm)-Wave communication and network densification. However, these technologies face two main practical limitations 1) the lack of control over the wireless channel, and 2) the high power consumption of the wireless interface. To address the need for green and sustainable future cellular networks, the concept of reconfiguring wireless propagation environments using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS)s has emerged. An IRS comprises o…
