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arXiv 1912.03316astro-ph.GA
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在外流中形成的恒星可能会占据Milky Way的恒星晕

Stars made in outflows may populate the stellar halo of the Milky Way

Sijie Yu, James S. Bullock, Andrew Wetzel, Robyn E. Sanderson, Andrew S. Graus, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Anna M. Nierenberg, Michael Y. Grudić, Philip F. Hopkins… 展开作者

Sijie Yu, James S. Bullock, Andrew Wetzel, Robyn E. Sanderson, Andrew S. Graus, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Anna M. Nierenberg, Michael Y. Grudić, Philip F. Hopkins, Dušan Kereš, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère

摘要:

我们研究星晕的形成,使用六个银河系质量的星系在FIRE-2宇宙学变焦模拟。我们发现,$5-40\%$的外部($50-300$ kpc)在每个系统的恒星晕由$\textit{in-situ}$恒星,出生在流出的主星系。外流星起源于被超级气泡风加速的气体,这些气体可以被压缩,冷却并形成共同运动的恒星。这些恒星中的大多数仍然被束缚在晕中,并以类似于$z=0$的其他恒星晕的轨道性质回落。在外晕中,流出星比吸积恒星晕更均匀,富含金属,α元素增强。在太阳位置,我们的运动学鉴定的晕星中有多达$\sim 10 \%$是在外流中诞生的;对于最富金属的本地晕星([Fe/H] $> -0.5$),这一比例上升到高达$\sim 40\%$。我们的结论是,银河系恒星晕可能包含本地对应的恒星,观察到形成在遥远的星系中的分子流出。对这样的人口的研究可能提供一种新的近场方法来约束反馈和流出物理。流出物对恒星晕的贡献与埃根、林登-贝尔$\&$ Sandange提出的经典晕形成方案相反,后者认为晕星是在快速形成的$\textit{infalling}$气体云中形成的。恒星外流可以在直接成像外部星系时观察到,并可以为银河系中富含金属的极高速恒星提供来源。

英文摘要:

We study stellar-halo formation using six Milky Way-mass galaxies in FIRE-2 cosmological zoom simulations. We find that $5-40\%$ of the outer ($50-300$ kpc) stellar halo in each system consists of $\textit{in-situ}$ stars that were born in outflows from the main galaxy. Outflow stars originate from gas accelerated by super-bubble winds, which can be compressed, cool, and form co-moving stars. The majority of these stars remain bound to the halo and fall back with orbital properties similar to the rest of the stellar halo at $z=0$.In the outer halo, outflow stars are more spatially homogeneous, metal rich, and alpha-element-enhanced than the accreted stellar halo. At the solar location, up to $\sim 10 \%$ of our kinematically-identified halo stars were born in outflows; the fraction rises to as high as $\sim 40\%$ for the most metal-rich local halo stars ([Fe/H] $> -0.5$). We conclude that the Milky Way stellar halo could contain local counterparts to stars that are observed to form in molecular outflows in distant galaxies. Searches for such a population may provide a new, near-field approach to constraining feedback and outflow physics. A stellar halo contribution from outflows is a phase-reversal of the classic halo formation scenario of Eggen, Lynden-Bell $\&$ Sandange, who suggested that halo stars formed in rapidly $\textit{infalling}$ gas clouds. Stellar outflows may be observable in direct imaging of external galaxies and could provide a source for metal-rich, extreme velocity stars in the Milky Way.

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