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arXiv 1911.03498cond-mat.quant-gasnlin.PS
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自旋-轨道耦合自旋1凝聚体中矢量孤子的相位分离

Phase-separation of vector solitons in spin-orbit coupled spin-1 condensates

S K Adhikari

摘要:

研究了准一维自旋-轨道耦合超精细自旋$F=1$铁磁玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中三分量亮矢量孤子在自旋-轨道(SO)耦合强度$p_x Σ_z$大于临界值时的相位分离,其中$p_x$为自旋1矩阵的线动量,$Σ_z$为自旋1矩阵的$z$分量.证明了矢量亮孤子是可移动的,并且是动态稳定的。两个这样的矢量孤子之间的碰撞被发现是弹性的,在所有的速度与每个矢量孤子的密度守恒。两个碰撞矢量孤子在很小的距离和很小的碰撞速度下相互排斥,它们靠近并以相同的速度反弹,而不会相遇。这种排斥产生的SO耦合是负责在矢量孤子的SO耦合的大强度的相位分离。{发现碰撞动力学对碰撞孤子的相对相位完全不敏感。}然而,在没有SO耦合的情况下,在很小的速度下,两个碰撞矢量孤子相互吸引,形成一个矢量孤子分子,并且碰撞动力学像标量孤子一样对相对相位敏感。本调查是通过数值解和解析变分近似的基本平均场Gross-Pitaevskii方程。

英文摘要:

We study the phase-separation in three-component bright vector solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled hyper-fine spin $F=1$ ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate upon an increase of the strength of spin-orbit (SO) coupling $p_x Σ_z$ above a critical value, where $p_x$ is the linear momentum and $Σ_z$ is the $z$-component of the spin-1 matrix. The bright vector solitons are demonstrated to be mobile and dynamically stable. The collision between two such vector solitons is found to be elastic at all velocities with the conservation of density of each vector soliton. The two colliding vector solitons repel at small separation and at very small colliding velocity, they come close and bounce back with the same velocity without ever encountering each other. This repulsion produced by SO coupling is responsible for the phase separation in a vector soliton for large strengths of SO coupling. { The collision dynamics is found to be completely insensitive to the relative phase of the colliding solitons.} However, in the absence of SO coupling, at very small velocity, the two colliding vector solitons attract each other and form a vector soliton molecule and the collision dynamics is sensitive to the relative phase as in scalar solitons. The present investigation is carried out through a numerical solution and an analytic variational approximation of the underlying mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation.

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