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arXiv 1910.03384eess.SYcs.SYmath.OC
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配电网反馈优化的实验验证

Experimental Validation of Feedback Optimization in Power Distribution Grids

Lukas Ortmann, Adrian Hauswirth, Ivo Caduff, Florian Dörfler, Saverio Bolognani

摘要:

我们认为,使用逆变器的无功功率能力的配电馈线的电压控制的问题。在一个真正的配电网,我们比较了本地电压/无功下垂控制建议在最近的电网规范,集中调度的基础上最优潮流(OPF)规划,和反馈优化(FO)控制器,我们提出。局部下垂控制产生次优调节,分析预测。基于OPF的调度策略需要精确的电网模型和馈线上所有负载的测量,以实现适当的电压调节。然而,在实验中,基于OPF的策略违反了电压约束,由于不可避免的模型失配和不确定性。我们提出的FO控制器,另一方面,满足约束条件,不需要负载测量或任何电网状态估计。唯一需要的模型知识是电压相对于无功功率的灵敏度,这可以从数据中获得。正如我们所展示的,这些灵敏度的近似值也是足够的,这使得该方法基本上是无模型的,易于调整,与当前的传感和控制基础设施兼容,并且对测量噪声具有显著的鲁棒性。我们期望这些属性是电力系统的FO的基本特征,而不是特定于电压/无功调节或配电网。

英文摘要:

We consider the problem of controlling the voltage of a distribution feeder using the reactive power capabilities of inverters. On a real distribution grid, we compare the local Volt/VAr droop control recommended in recent grid codes, a centralized dispatch based on optimal power flow (OPF) programming, and a feedback optimization (FO) controller that we propose. The local droop control yields suboptimal regulation, as predicted analytically. The OPF-based dispatch strategy requires an accurate grid model and measurement of all loads on the feeder in order to achieve proper voltage regulation. However, in the experiment, the OPF-based strategy violates voltage constraints due to inevitable model mismatch and uncertainties. Our proposed FO controller, on the other hand, satisfies the constraints and does not require load measurements or any grid state estimation. The only needed model knowledge is the sensitivity of the voltages with respect to reactive power, which can be obtained from data. As we show, an approximation of these sensitivities is also sufficient, which makes the approach essentially model-free, easy to tune, compatible with the current sensing and control infrastructure, and remarkably robust to measurement noise. We expect these properties to be fundamental features of FO for power systems and not specific to Volt/VAr regulation or to distribution grids.

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