电力系统振荡中的源-网耦合：观测等价性、反馈可检测性与模态相互作用
Source--Grid Coupling in Power System Oscillations: Observational Equivalence, Feedback Detectability, and Modal Interaction
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- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville（田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校）
- ISO New England（新英格兰独立系统运营商）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出源-网耦合方向性作为反馈动力学边界，分析强迫与自治源的观测等价性，并证明双向反馈下模态相互作用及弱反馈检测的可行性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
传统上，强迫振荡与自然振荡的区分将振荡源视为固定电力系统边界之外的因素。本文通过明确考虑源-网耦合的方向性，发展了一种考虑耦合的动力学解释。文章考察了在何种条件下，给定的强迫激励与单向自治源在观测上是等价的，以及电网测量何时能够区分电网到源反馈的存在。在相同的确定性电网初值问题和测量映射下，匹配的接口信号产生精确的等价性。双向反馈使得增广自治模型中的源-网特征值相互作用成为可能，而一个简化的双模态模型表明，这种相互作用共同依赖于环路耦合和复模态间隔。由此产生的框架将源-网耦合方向性确立为基于反馈的动力学边界，并阐明了何时可以从电网侧测量推断反馈，以及为何弱反馈可能仍无法分辨。在一个两区域系统上的仿真研究表明，在标定源族内可以实现反馈检测，而源模型失配可能与反馈混淆。WECC 243节点系统的研究证明了该方法在大系统上的可行性，并表明反馈检测不一定需要精确的候选选择。
英文摘要
The conventional distinction between forced and natural oscillations treats the oscillation source as external to a fixed power-system boundary. This paper develops a coupling-aware dynamical interpretation by explicitly accounting for the directionality of source-grid coupling. It examines when prescribed forcing and a one-way autonomous source are observationally equivalent, and when grid measurements can distinguish the presence of grid-to-source feedback. Matched interface signals yield exact equivalence under the same deterministic grid initial-value problem and measurement map. Bidirectional feedback enables source-grid eigenvalue interaction in the augmented autonomous model, while a reduced two-mode model shows that the interaction depends jointly on loop coupling and complex modal separation. The resulting framework establishes source-grid coupling directionality as a feedback-based dynamical boundary and clarifies when feedback can be inferred from grid-side measurements and why weak feedback may remain unresolved. Simulation studies on a two-area system demonstrate feedback detection within a calibrated source family, while source-model mismatch can be confounded with feedback. A WECC 243-bus system study demonstrates feasibility on a large system and shows that feedback detection need not require exact candidate selection.
