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arXiv 1909.01686cond-mat.supr-con
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FeTe $_{0.55}$ Se $_{0.45}$涡核态零能电导峰的观测与表征

Observation and characterization of the zero energy conductance peak in the vortex core state of FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$

Xiaoyu Chen, Mingyang Chen, Wen Duan, Xiyu Zhu, Huan Yang, Hai-Hu Wen

摘要:

在凝聚态物理中寻找马约拉纳费米子引起了人们的广泛关注,部分原因是它们可能用于容错量子计算。在拓扑超导体的涡旋核中,可能存在马约拉纳零模。最近,许多铁基超导体被认为具有拓扑非平凡的表面态,包括Fe(Te,Se)。通过扫描隧道显微镜(STM)的一些先前的实验已经发现了零偏压电导峰(ZBCP)内的Fe(Te,Se)的涡核。然而,我们早期的实验结果已经揭示了大约20%的涡旋中存在Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)离散量子能级。在许多其他旋涡中,我们观察到一个位于零偏置附近的主峰。本文对FeTe $_{0.55}$ Se $_{0.45}$中更多涡旋的涡核态作了进一步的研究。在某些涡旋中,如果我们取偏置电压窗口在零能量附近的某个标准,我们确实看到了零能量模式。一些涡旋呈现出零能量束缚态峰,背景相对对称,不能解释为CdGM离散态。随着磁场的增大,出现零边界点的概率降低。同时,ZBCP的存在与否似乎与表面的Te/Se比没有明确的关系。光谱的温度依赖性表明,ZBCP随着温度的升高而减弱,并在4K左右消失。我们的研究结果提供了一个确认的补充,早期声称的零能量模式内的涡旋核心的Fe(Te,Se)。这些零能量模式与磁场,温度和空间分布的Te/Se的详细表征将有助于澄清其起源。

英文摘要:

The search for the Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics has attracted much attention, partially because they may be used for the fault-tolerant quantum computation. It has been predicted that the Majorana zero mode may exist in the vortex core of topological superconductors. Recently, many iron-based superconductors are claimed to exhibit a topologically nontrivial surface state, including Fe(Te,Se). Some previous experiments through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have found zero-bias conductance peaks (ZBCP) within the vortex cores of Fe(Te,Se). However, our early experimental results have revealed the Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) discrete quantum levels in about 20% vortices. In many other vortices, we observed a dominant peak locating near zero bias. Here we show further study on the vortex core state of many more vortices in FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$. In some vortices, if we take a certain criterion of bias voltage window near zero energy, we indeed see a zero energy mode. Some vortices exhibit zero energy bound state peaks with relatively symmetric background, which cannot be interpreted as the CdGM discrete states. The probability for vortices showing the ZBCP lowers down with the increase of magnetic field. Meanwhile it seems that the presence and absence of the ZBCP has no clear relationship with the Te/Se ratio on the surface. Temperature dependence of the spectra reveals that the ZBCP becomes weakened with increasing temperature and disappears at about 4 K. Our results provide a confirmed supplementary to the early claimed zero energy modes within the vortex cores of Fe(Te,Se). Detailed characterization of these zero energy modes versus magnetic field, temperature and spatial distribution of Te/Se will help to clarify its origin.

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