FeTe $_{0.55}$ Se $_{0.45}$中小费米能导致量子极限下的Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon态的离散能级
Discrete energy levels of Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon states in quantum limit due to small Fermi energy in FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$
摘要：
Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon（CdGM）态在1964年被预测为II型超导体涡核内的低能激发态。在量子极限，即$T/T_\mathrm{c} \ll Δ/E_\mathrm{F}$中，这些状态的能级被预测为与在$E_μ= \pm μΔ^2/E_\mathrm{F}$的基本能级离散（$μ= 1/2$，$3/2$，$5/2$，.）。然而，由于$Δ/E_\mathrm{F}$在大多数II型超导体中的比例很小，很难观察到离散的CdGM态，而是在零偏压下在涡旋中心出现对称峰。本文报道了在FeTe $_{0.55}$ Se $_{0.45}$中清晰地观察到CdGM的这些分立能级。这些态相对于空间的相当稳定的能量清楚地验证了我们的结论。基于这些CdGM态的能量的分析表明，在本系统中的费米能量是非常小的。
英文摘要：
Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon (CdGM) states were predicted in 1964 as low energy excitations within vortex cores of type-II superconductors. In the quantum limit, namely $T/T_\mathrm{c} \ll Δ/E_\mathrm{F}$, the energy levels of these states were predicted to be discrete with the basic levels at $E_μ= \pm μΔ^2/E_\mathrm{F}$ ($μ= 1/2$, $3/2$, $5/2$, ...). However, due to the small ratio of $Δ/E_\mathrm{F}$ in most type-II superconductors, it is very difficult to observe the discrete CdGM states, but rather a symmetric peak appears at zero-bias at the vortex center. Here we report the clear observation of these discrete energy levels of CdGM states in FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$. The rather stable energies of these states versus space clearly validates our conclusion. Analysis based on the energies of these CdGM states indicates that the Fermi energy in the present system is very small.
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