Assume that $G$ is a graph with edge ideal $I(G)$ and let $I(G)^{(s)}$ denote the $s$-th symbolic power of $I(G)$. It is proved that for every integer $s\geq 1$, $${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(s+1)})\leq \max\bigg\{{\rm reg}(I(G))+2s, {\rm reg}\big(I(G)^{(s+1)}+I(G)^s\big)\bigg\}.$$As a consequence, we conclude that ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(2)})\leq {\rm reg}(I(G))+2$, and ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(3)})\leq {\rm reg}(I(G))+4$. Moreover, it is shown that if for some integer $k\geq 1$, the graph $G$ has no odd cycle of length at most $2k-1$, then ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(s)})\leq 2s+{\rm reg}(I(G))-2$, for every integer $s\leq k+1$. Finally, it is proven that ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(s)})=2s$, for $s\in \{2, 3, 4\}$, provided that the complementary graph $\overline{G}$ is chordal.
Let $Δ$ be a simplicial complex of a matroid $M$. In this paper, we explicitly compute the regularity of all the symbolic powers of a Stanley-Reisner ideal $I_Δ$ in terms of combinatorial data of the matroid $M$. In order to do that, we provide a sharp bound between the arboricity of $M$ and the circumference of its dual $M^*$.
Let $G$ be a unicyclic graph with edge ideal $I(G)$. For any integer $s\geq 1$, we denote the $s$-th symbolic power of $I(G)$ by $I(G)^{(s)}$. It is shown that ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(s)})={\rm reg}(I(G)^s)$, for every $s\geq 1$.
Let $G$ be a graph which belongs to either of the following classes: (i) bipartite graphs, (ii) unmixed graphs, or (iii) claw--free graphs. Assume that $J(G)$ is the cover ideal $G$ and $J(G)^{(k)}$ is its $k$-th symbolic power. We prove that$$k{\rm deg}(J(G))\leq {\rm reg}(J(G)^{(k)})\leq (k-1){\rm deg}(J(G))+|V(G)|-1.$$We also determine families of graphs for which the above inequalities are equality.
Assume that $G$ is a graph with edge ideal $I(G)$. For every integer $s\geq 1$, we denote the squarefree part of the $s$-th symbolic power of $I(G)$ by $I(G)^{\{s\}}$. We determine an upper bound for the regularity of $I(G)^{\{s\}}$ when $G$ is a chordal graph. If $G$ is a Cameron-Walker graphs, we compute ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{\{s\}}$ in terms of the induced matching number of $G$. Moreover, for any graph $G$, we provide sharp upper bounds for ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{\{2\}})$ and ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{\{3\}})$.
A Cameron-Walker graph is a graph for which the matching number and the induced matching number are the same. Assume that $G$ is a Cameron-Walker graph with edge ideal $I(G)$, and let $\ind-match(G)$ be the induced matching number of $G$. It is shown that for every integer $s\geq 1$, we have the equality ${\rm reg}(I(G)^{(s)})=2s+\ind-match(G)-1$, where $I(G)^{(s)}$ denotes the $s$-th symbolic power of $I(G)$.
In this article, we prove that for several classes of graphs, the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of symbolic powers of their edge ideals coincide with that of their ordinary powers.
Let $G$ be a finite simple graph and $J(G)$ denote its cover ideal in a polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$. In this paper, we show that all symbolic powers of cover ideals of certain vertex decomposable graphs have linear quotients. Using these results, we give various conditions on a subset $S$ of the vertices of $G$ so that all symbolic powers of vertex cover ideals of $G \cup W(S)$, obtained from $G$ by adding a whisker to each vertex in $S$, have linear quotients. For instance, if $S$ is a vertex cover of $G$, then all symbolic powers of $J(G \cup W(S))$ have linear quotients. Moreo…
We investigate symbolic and regular powers of monomial ideals. For a square-free monomial ideal $I$ in $k[x_0, \ldots, x_n]$ we show $I^{t(m+e-1)-e+r)}$ is a subset of $M^{(t-1)(e-1)+r-1}(I^{(m)})^t$ for all positive integers $m$, $t$ and $r$, where $e$ is the big-height of $I$ and $M = (x_0, \ldots, x_n)$. This captures two conjectures ($r=1$ and $r=e$): one of Harbourne-Huneke and one of Bocci-Cooper-Harbourne. We also introduce the symbolic polyhedron of a monomial ideal and use this to explore symbolic powers of non-square-free monomial ideals.
Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a weighted oriented graph and $I(\mathcal{D})$ be its edge ideal. In this paper, we show that all the symbolic and ordinary powers of $I(\mathcal{D})$ coincide when $\mathcal{D}$ is a weighted oriented certain class of tree. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality of ordinary and symbolic powers of naturally oriented lines.
Let $G$ be a finite simple graph and $I(G)$ denote the corresponding edge ideal in a polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$. In this paper, we obtain upper bounds for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of symbolic powers of certain classes of edge ideals. We also prove that for several classes of graphs, the regularity of symbolic powers of their edge ideals coincides with that of their ordinary powers.
Symbolic powers are studied in the combinatorial context of monomial ideals. When the ideals are generated by quadratic squarefree monomials, the generators of the symbolic powers are obstructions to vertex covering in the associated graph and its blowups. As a result, perfect graphs play an important role in the theory, dual to the role played by perfect graphs in the theory of secants of monomial ideals. We use Gröbner degenerations as a tool to reduce questions about symbolic powers of arbitrary ideals to the monomial case. Among the applications are a new, unified approach to the Gröbner b…
We introduce and study vertex cover algebras of weighted simplicial complexes. These algebras are special classes of symbolic Rees algebras. We show that symbolic Rees algebras of monomial ideals are finitely generated and that such an algebra is normal and Cohen-Macaulay if the monomial ideal is squarefree. For a simple graph, the vertex cover algebra is generated by elements of degree 2, and it is standard graded if and only if the graph is bipartite. We also give a general upper bound for the maximal degree of the generators of vertex cover algebras.
Let I be a divisorial ideal of a strongly F-regular ring R. Watanabe asked if the symbolic Rees algebra R_s(I) is Cohen-Macaulay whenever it is Noetherian. We develop the notion of multi-symbolic Rees algebras, and use this to show that R_s(I) is indeed Cohen-Macaulay whenever a certain auxiliary ring is finitely generated over R.
In this paper we study irreducible representations and symbolic Rees algebras of monomial ideals. Then we examine edge ideals associated to vertex-weighted oriented graphs. These are digraphs having no oriented cycles of length two with weights on the vertices. For a monomial ideal with no embedded primes we classify the normality of its symbolic Rees algebra in terms of its primary components. If the primary components of a monomial ideal are normal, we present a simple procedure to compute its symbolic Rees algebra using Hilbert bases, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the equ…
The aim of this paper is to study the Stanley depth of symbolic powers of a squarefree monomial ideal. We prove that for every squarefree monomial ideal $I$ and every pair of integers $k, s\geq 1$, the inequalities ${\rm sdepth} (S/I^{(ks)}) \leq {\rm sdepth} (S/I^{(s)})$ and ${\rm sdepth} (I^{(ks)}) \leq {\rm sdepth} (I^{(s)})$ hold. If moreover $I$ is unmixed of height $d$, then we show that for every integer $k\geq1$, ${\rm sdepth}(I^{(k+d)})\leq {\rm sdepth}(I^{(k)})$ and ${\rm sdepth}(S/I^{(k+d)})\leq {\rm sdepth}(S/I^{(k)})$. Finally, we consider the limit behavior of the Stanley depth o…
In this paper, we show that the regularity of the q-th quasi-symbolic power $I^{((q))}$ and the regularity of the $q$-th bracket power $I^{[q]}$ of a monomial ideal of Borel type $I$, satisfy the relations $reg(I^{((q))})\leq q \cdot reg(I)$, respectively $reg(I^{[q]})\geq q\cdot reg(I)$. Also, we give an upper bound for $reg(I^{[q]})$.
Let $S = K[x_1,..., x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $K$. Let $I(G) \subseteq S$ denote the edge ideal of a graph $G$. We show that the $\ell$th symbolic power $I(G)^{(\ell)}$ is a Cohen-Macaulay ideal (i.e., $S/I(G)^{(\ell)}$ is Cohen-Macaulay) for some integer $\ell \ge 3$ if and only if $G$ is a disjoint union of finitely many complete graphs. When this is the case, all the symbolic powers $I(G)^{(\ell)}$ are Cohen-Macaulay ideals. Similarly, we characterize graphs $G$ for which $S/I(G)^{(\ell)}$ has (FLC). As an application, we show that an edge ideal $I(G)$ is complete intersection…
We show that for any two proper monomial ideals I and J in the polynomial ring S = k[x_1, ..., x_n] the ring S/IJ is Golod. We also show that if I is squarefree then for large enough k the quotient S/I^{(k)} of S by the kth symbolic power of I is Golod. As an application we prove that the multiplication on the cohomology algebra of some classes of moment-angle complexes is trivial.
In this paper we study ideals of points lying on rational normal curves defined in projective plane and projective $ 3 $-space. We give an explicit formula for the value of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for their ordinary powers. Moreover, we compare the $ m $-th symbolic and ordinary powers for such ideals in order to show whenever the $ m $-th symbolic defect is non-zero.
Assume that $G$ is a graph with edge ideal $I(G)$ and star packing number $α_2(G)$. We denote the $s$-th symbolic power of $I(G)$ by $I(G)^{(s)}$. It is shown that the inequality ${\rm depth} S/(I(G)^{(s)})\geq α_2(G)-s+1$ is true for every chordal graph $G$ and every integer $s\geq 1$. Moreover, it is proved that for any graph $G$, we have ${\rm depth} S/(I(G)^{(2)})\geq α_2(G)-1$.
We study the regularity of small symbolic powers and integral closure of small powers of edge ideals. We also prove that the regularity of integral closure of powers of edge ideals of graphs with at most two odd cycles is the same as the regularity of their powers.
Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ vertices and $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $\mathbb{K}$. Assume that $J(G)$ is the cover ideal of $G$ and $J(G)^{(k)}$ is its $k$-th symbolic power. We prove that if $G$ is a very well-covered graph such that $J(G)$ has linear resolution, then $J(G)^{(k)}$ has linear resolution, for every integer $k\geq 1$. We also prove that for a every very well-covered graph $G$, the depth of symbolic powers of $J(G)$ forms a non-increasing sequence. Finally, we determine a linear upper bound for the regularity of powers of cov…
For any graph $G$, assume that $J(G)$ is the cover ideal of $G$. Let $J(G)^{(k)}$ denote the $k$th symbolic power of $J(G)$. We characterize all graphs $G$ with the property that $J(G)^{(k)}$ has a linear resolution for some (equivalently, for all) integer $k\geq 2$. Moreover, it is shown that for any graph $G$, the sequence $\big({\rm reg}(J(G)^{(k)})\big)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ is nondecreasing. Furthermore, we compute the largest degree of minimal generators of $J(G)^{(k)}$ when $G$ is either an unmixed of a claw-free graph.
Let $Δ$ be a pure simplicial complex and $I_Δ$ its Stanley-Reisner ideal in a polynomial ring $S$. We show that $Δ$ is a matroid (complete intersection) if and only if $S/I_Δ^{(m)}$ ($S/I_Δ^m$) is clean for all $m\in\mathbb{N}$. If $\dim(Δ)=1$, we also prove that $S/I_Δ^{(2)}$ ($S/I_Δ^2$) is clean if and only if $S/I_Δ^{(2)}$ ($S/I_Δ^2$) is Cohen-Macaulay.
Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity is a measure of algebraic complexity of an ideal. Regularity of monomial ideals can be investigated combinatorially. We use a simple graph decomposition and results from structural graph theory to prove, improve and generalize many of the known bounds on regularity of quadratic square-free monomial ideals.
Let $I$ be an ideal whose symbolic Rees algebra is Noetherian. For $m \geq 1$, the $m$-th symbolic defect, sdefect$(I,m)$, of $I$ is defined to be the minimal number of generators of the module $\frac{I^{(m)}}{I^m}$. We prove that sdefect$(I,m)$ is eventually quasi-polynomial as a function in $m$. We compute the symbolic defect explicitly for certain monomial ideals arising from graphs, termed cover ideals. We go on to give a formula for the Waldschmidt constant, an asymptotic invariant measuring the growth of the degrees of generators of symbolic powers, for ideals whose symbolic Rees algebra…
We study the symbolic powers of square-free monomial ideals via symbolic Rees algebras and methods in prime characteristic. In particular, we prove that the symbolic Rees algebra and the symbolic associated graded algebra are split with respect to a morphism which resembles the Frobenius map and that exists in all characteristics. Using these methods, we recover a result by Hoa and Trung which states that the normalized $a$-invariants and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the symbolic powers converge. In addition, we give a sufficient condition for the equality of the ordinary and symbolic…
We present criteria for the Cohen-Macaulayness of a monomial ideal in terms of its primary decomposition. These criteria allow us to use tools of graph theory and of linear programming to study the Cohen-Macaulayness of monomial ideals which are intersections of prime ideal powers. We can characterize the Cohen-Macaulayness of the second symbolic power or of all symbolic powers of a Stanley-Reisner ideal in terms of the simplicial complex. These characterizations show that the simplicial complex must be very compact if some symbolic power is Cohen-Macaulay. In particular, all symbolic powers a…
Let $G$ be a simple graph and $I$ its edge ideal. We prove that $${\rm reg}(I^{(s)}) = {\rm reg}(I^s)$$ for $s = 2,3$, where $I^{(s)}$ is the $s$-th symbolic power of $I$. As a consequence, we prove the following bounds \begin{align*} {\rm reg} I^{s} & \le {\rm reg} I + 2s - 2, \text{ for } s = 2,3, {\rm reg} I^{(s)} & \le {\rm reg} I + 2s - 2,\text{ for } s = 2,3,4. \end{align*}
We study the regularity of symbolic powers of square-free monomial ideals. We prove that if $I = I_Δ$ is the Stanley-Reisner ideal of a simplicial complex $Δ$, then $\reg(I^{(n)}) \leqslant δ(n-1) +b$ for all $n\geqslant 1$, where $δ= \lim\limits_{n\to\infty} \reg(I^{(n)})/n$, and $b = \max\{\reg(I_Γ) \mid Γ\text{ is a subcomplex of } Δ\text{ with } \F(Γ) \subseteq \F(Δ)\}$. This bound is sharp for any $n$. When $I = I(G)$ is the edge ideal of a simple graph $G$, we obtain a general linear upper bound $\reg(I^{(n)}) \leqslant 2n + \ordmatch(G)-1$, where $\ordmatch(G)$ is the ordered matching n…
Given that symbolic and ordinary powers of an ideal do not always coincide, we look for conditions on the ideal such that equality holds for every natural number. This paper focuses on studying the equality for Derksen ideals defined by finite groups acting linearly on a polynomial ring.
We survey recent studies and results on the following problem: which numerical functions can be the depth function of powers and symbolic powers of homogeneous ideals.
We study join-meet ideals associated with modular non-distributive lattices. We give a lower bound for the regularity and show that they are not linearly related.
Let $J_G$ be the binomial edge ideal of a graph $G$. We characterize all graphs whose binomial edge ideals, as well as their initial ideals, have regularity $3$. Consequently we characterize all graphs $G$ such that $J_G$ is extremal Gorenstein. Indeed, these characterizations are consequences of an explicit formula we obtain for the regularity of the binomial edge ideal of the join product of two graphs. Finally, by using our regularity formula, we discuss some open problems in the literature. In particular we disprove a conjecture in \cite{CDI} on the regularity of weakly closed graphs.
We obtain an improved lower bound for the regularity of the binomial edge ideals of trees. We prove an upper bound for the regularity of the binomial edge ideals of certain subclass of block-graphs. As a consequence we obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the regularity of binomial edge ideals of a class of trees called lobsters. We also obtain precise expressions for the regularities of binomial edge ideals of certain classes of trees and block graphs.
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{K}$. Assume that $I\subset S$ is a squarefree monomial ideal. For every integer $k\geq 1$, we denote the $k$-th symbolic power of $I$ by $I^{(k)}$. Recently, Montaño and Núñez-Betancourt \cite{mn} proved that for every pair of integers $m, k\geq 1$,$${\rm depth}(S/I^{(m)})\leq {\rm depth}(S/I^{(\lceil\frac{m}{k}\rceil)}).$$We provide an alternative proof for this inequality. Moreover, we reprove the known results that the sequence $\{{\rm depth}(S/I^{(k)})\}_{k=1}^{\infty}$ is co…
We show that under some conditions, if the initial ideal in$_<(I)$ of an ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring has the property that its symbolic and ordinary powers coincide, then the ideal $I$ shares the same property. We apply this result to prove the equality between symbolic and ordinary powers for binomial edge ideals with quadratic Gröbner basis.
