The Langlands correspondence for complex curves is traditionally formulated in terms of sheaves rather than functions. Recently, Langlands asked whether it is possible to construct a function-theoretic version. In this paper we use the algebra of commuting global differential operators (quantum Hitchin Hamiltonians and their complex conjugates) on the moduli space of G-bundles of a complex algebraic curve to formulate a function-theoretic correspondence. We conjecture the existence of a canonical self-adjoint extension of the symmetric part of this algebra acting on an appropriate Hilbert space and link its spectrum with the set of opers for the Langlands dual group of G satisfying a certain reality condition, as predicted earlier by Teschner. We prove this conjecture for G=GL(1) and in the simplest non-abelian case.
We describe two candidates for a local p-adic Jacquet-Langlands correspondence and using patching we show that they are in fact isomorphic. We then study locally algebraic vectors of the given correspondence.
We continue to develop the analytic Langlands program for curves over local fields initiated in arXiv:1908.09677, arXiv:2103.01509 following a suggestion of Langlands and a work of Teschner. Namely, we study the Hecke operators introduced in arXiv:2103.01509 in the case of P^1 over a local field with parabolic structures at finitely many points for the group PGL(2). We establish most of the conjectures of arXiv:1908.09677, arXiv:2103.01509 in this case.
We discuss recent developments in the Langlands program for function fields, and in the geometric Langlands program. In particular we explain a canonical decomposition of the space of cuspidal automorphic forms for any reductive group G over a function field, indexed by global Langlands parameters. The proof uses the cohomology of G-shtukas with multiple modifications and the geometric Satake equivalence.
We reprove the Local Langlands Correspondence for $\GL_n$ over $p$-adic fields as well as the existence of $\ell$-adic Galois representations attached to (most) regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations, for which we prove a local-global compatibility statement as in the book of Harris-Taylor. In contrast to the proofs of the Local Langlands Correspondence given by Henniart and Harris-Taylor our proof completely by-passes the numerical Local Langlands Correspondence of Henniart. Instead, we make use of a previous result describing the inertia-invariant nearby c…
We extend the categorical geometric Langlands correspondence from the locus of opers in the stack of de Rham local systems on a smooth projective algebraic curve to the formal neighborhood of opers (for any semi-simple complex algebraic group).
We formulate a two-parameter generalization of the geometric Langlands correspondence, which we prove for all simply-laced Lie algebras. It identifies the q-conformal blocks of the quantum affine algebra and the deformed W-algebra associated to two Langlands dual Lie algebras. Our proof relies on recent results in quantum K-theory of the Nakajima quiver varieties. The physical origin of the correspondence is the 6d little string theory. The quantum Langlands correspondence emerges in the limit in which the 6d string theory becomes the 6d conformal field theory with (2,0) supersymmetry.
In the present article we define coverings of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties attached to a connected reductive group over a local field of characteristic $p > 0$. In the case of $\GL_2$, the unramified part of the local Langlands correspondence is realized in the $\ell$-adic cohomology of these varieties. We show this by giving a detailed comparison with the realization of local Langlands via cuspidal types by Bushnell-Henniart. All proofs are purely local.
Let p and l be two distinct primes. We show how, under a certain congruence hypothesis, the mod l cohomology of the Lubin-Tate tower together with a certain Lefschetz operator provides a geometric interpretation of Vigneras' Langlands correspondence for a p-adic field with mod l coefficients.
This work is intended as an introduction to the statement and the construction of the local Langlands correspondence for GL(n) over p-adic fields. The emphasis lies on the statement and the explanation of the correspondence.
These are informal notes written in 2007 that outline the local and global quantum Langlands program. (I decided to make them public in view of the revived interest in the subject.)
In this paper, we give a purely geometric approach to the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence for GL(n) over a p-adic field, under the assumption that the invariant of the division algebra is 1/n. We use the l-adic etale cohomology of the Drinfeld tower to construct the correspondence at the level of the Grothendieck groups with rational coefficients. Moreover, assuming that n is prime, we prove that this correspondence preserves irreducible representations. This gives a purely local proof of the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence in this case. We need neither a global automorphic techn…
These are lecture notes (by the first author) from a course (by the second author) given over two extended semesters at the University of Sydney. The first part provides an introduction to the Langlands correspondence from an arithmetical point of view. The second part gives enough background in geometric representation theory to understand Bezrukavnikov's equivalence, which is a categorification of Kazhdan and Lusztig's two realizations of the affine Hecke algebra.
By a local geometric Langlands correspondence for a complex reductive group G we understand a construction which assigns to a local system on the punctured disc for the Langlands dual group of G, a category equipped with an action of the formal loop group G((t)). We propose a conjectural description of these categories as categories of representations of the corresponding affine Kac-Moody algebra of critical level, and, in some cases, as categories of D-modules on the ind-schemes G((t))/K. We describe in detail these categories and interrelations between them and provide supporting evidence fo…
In this paper, we show the Langlands correspondence for isocrystals on curves. This shows the existence of crystalline companion in the curve case. For the proof, we construct the theory of arithmetic $\mathscr{D}$-modules for algebraic stacks whose diagonal morphisms are finite.
A special case of the geometric Langlands correspondence is given by the relationship between solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations for the Gaudin model and opers - connections on the projective line with extra structure. In this paper, we describe a deformation of this correspondence for $SL(N)$. We introduce a difference equation version of opers called $q$-opers and prove a $q$-Langlands correspondence between nondegenerate solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations for the XXZ model and nondegenerate twisted $q$-opers with regular singularities on the projective line. We show that the quant…
We propose a geometric strategy of giving explicit description of the Langlands parameter of an irreducible supercuspidal representation of GL(n) over a non-archimedean local field. The key is to compare the cohomology of an affinoid in the Lubin-Tate space at infinite level and that of the reduction of its formal model. As examples, we treat the cases of depth 0 supercuspidal representations and simple supercuspidal representations.
In 1967, Langlands conjectured a natural correspondence between automorphic representations and Galois representations, over number fields as well as over function fields. In 1983, Drinfeld discovered a geometric analog of the Langlands correspondence in the function field case, which extends the geometric class field theory of Lang and Rosenlicht. The so called Drinfeld-Langlands correspondence is a conjectural duality between two moduli spaces that are naturally associated to an algebraic curve X and a reductive group G. When X is projective and G is the full linear group GL(n), a large part…
In this expository paper we provide a geometric proof of the local Langlands Correspondence for the groups $\operatorname{GL}_{1}$ defined over $p$-adic fields $K$. We do this by redeveloping the theory of proalgebraic groups and use this to derive local class field theory in the style of Serre and Hazewinkel. In particular, we show that the local class field theory of Serre and Hazewinkel is valid for both equal characteristic and mixed characteristic ultrametric local fields. Finally, we use this to prove an equivalence of the categories of smooth representations of $K^{\ast}$ with continuou…
It is expected that, under mild conditions, local Langlands correspondence preserves depths of representations. In this article, we formulate a conjectural geometrisation of this expectation. We prove half of this conjecture by showing that the depth of a categorical representation of the loop group is less than or equal to the depth of its underlying geometric Langlands parameter. A key ingredient of our proof is a new definition of the slope of a meromorphic connection, a definition which uses opers. In the appendix, we consider a relationship between our conjecture and Zhu's conjecture on n…
Following Weinstein, Boyarchenko-Weinstein and Imai-Tsushima, we construct a family of affinoids in the Lubin-Tate perfectoid space and formal models such that the cohomology of the reduction of each formal model realizes the local Langlands correspondence and the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence for certain representations. In the terminology of the essentially tame local Langlands correspondence, the representations treated here are characterized as being parametrized by minimal admissible pairs in which the field extensions are totally ramified.
This paper deals with the geometric local theta correspondence at the Iwahori level for dual reductive pairs of type II over a non Archimedean field $F$ of characteristic $p\neq 2$ in the framework of the geometric Langlands program. First we construct and study the geometric version of the invariants of the Weil representation of the Iwahori-Hecke algebras. In the particular case of $(GL_1, GL_m)$ we give a complete geometric description of the corresponding category. The second part of the paper deals with geometric local Langlands functoriality at the Iwahori level in a general setting. Giv…
In this paper we describe the unramified Langlands correspondence for two-dimensional local fields, we construct a categorical analogue of the unramified principal series representations and study its properties. The main tool for this description is the construction of a central extension. For this (and other) central extension we prove noncommutative reciprocity laws (i.e. the splitting of the central extensions over some subgroups) for arithmetic surfaces and projective surfaces over a finite field. These reciprocity laws connect central extensions which are constructed locally and globally…
We study arithmetic intersections on twisted (quaternionic) Hilbert modular surfaces and Shimura curves over a real quadratic field. Our first main result is the determination of the degree of the top arithmetic Todd class of an arithmetic twisted Hilbert modular surface. This quantity is then related to the arithmetic volume of a Shimura curve, via the arithmetic Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem and the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence.
A module over an affine Kac--Moody algebra g^ is called spherical if the action of the Lie subalgebra g[[t]] on it integrates to an algebraic action of the corresponding group G[[t]]. Consider the category of spherical g^-modules of critical level. In this paper we prove that this category is equivalent to the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on the ind-scheme of opers on the punctured disc which are unramified as local systems. This result is a categorical version of the well-known description of spherical vectors in representations of groups over local non-archimedian fields. It may be vie…
We generalize a beautiful method of Blasius and Ramakrishnan, that in order to exhibit particular instances of the Langlands functorial correspondence, it is enough to show that the correspondence holds in the semistable case, provided the arithmetic data we are considering is closed with respect to cyclic base change and descent.
Through Cayley and Langlands type correspondences, we give a geometric description of the moduli spaces of real orthogonal and symplectic Higgs bundles of any signature in the regular fibres of the Hitchin fibration. As applications of our methods, we complete the concrete abelianization of real slices corresponding to all quasi-split real forms, and describe how extra components emerge naturally from the spectral data point of view.
These are the notes for the lecture given by the author at the "Current Events" Special Session of the AMS meeting in Baltimore on January 17, 2003. Topics reviewed include the Langlands correspondence for GL(n) in the function field case and its proof by V.Drinfeld and L.Lafforgue, the geometric Langlands correspondence for GL(n) and its proof by D.Gaitsgory, K.Vilonen and the author, and the work of A.Beilinson and V.Drinfled on the quantization of the Hitchin system and the Langlands correspondence for an arbitrary semisimple algebraic group.
We further explore the implications of our framework in [arXiv:1301.1977, arXiv:1309.4775], and physically derive, from the principle that the spacetime BPS spectra of string-dual M-theory compactifications ought to be equivalent, (i) a 5d AGT correspondence for any compact Lie group, (ii) a 5d and 6d AGT correspondence on ALE space of type ADE, and (iii) identities between the ordinary, q-deformed and elliptic affine W-algebras associated with the 4d, 5d and 6d AGT correspondence, respectively, which also define a quantum geometric Langlands duality and its higher analogs formulated by Feigin…
All kinds of global correspondences of Langlands are evaluated from the functional representation spaces of the algebraic bilinear semigroups GL2(.x.) with entries in products,right by left,of sets of archimedean increasing completions. Degenerate singularities on these functional representation spaces can give rise,by versal deformations and blowups of these,to one or two new covering functional representation spaces of GL2(.x.) according to the type of considered singularities. The discovered correspondences of Langlands are associated with singular and nonsingular universal GL(2)-structures…
In this paper we present an algorithm for computing Hecke eigensystems of Hilbert-Siegel cusp forms over real quadratic fields of narrow class number one. We give some illustrative examples using the quadratic field $\Q(\sqrt{5})$. In those examples, we identify Hilbert-Siegel eigenforms that are possible lifts from Hilbert eigenforms.
We review various aspects of representation theory of affine algebras at the critical level, geometric Langlands correspondence, and Bethe ansatz in the Gaudin models. Geometric Langlands correspondence relates D-modules on the moduli space of G-bundles on a complex curve X and flat G^L-bundles on X. Beilinson and Drinfeld construct it by applying a localization functor to representations of affine algebras of critical level. We show that in genus zero the corresponding D-modules are closely related to the diagonalization problem in the Gaudin model associated to G. This allows us to give a ne…
In Part I, we extend our analysis in [arXiv:0807.1107], and show that a mathematically conjectured geometric Langlands duality for complex surfaces in [1], and its generalizations -- which relate some cohomology of the moduli space of certain ("ramified") G-instantons to the integrable representations of the Langlands dual of certain affine (sub) G-algebras, where G is any compact Lie group -- can be derived, purely physically, from the principle that the spacetime BPS spectra of string-dual M-theory compactifications ought to be equivalent. In Part II, to the setup in Part I, we introduce Ome…
Let $X$ be a smooth complete curve, and let $Bun_n$ be the moduli stack of rank $n$ vector bundles on $X$. Let $E$ be a local system on $X$. In a recent paper of E.Frenkel, K.Vilonen and the author, it was shown that the vanishing of a certian functor $Av_E^d$ acting from the category $D(Bun_n)$ to itself, implies the geometric Langlands conjecture. In this paper we establish the required vanishing result. Our proof works for sheaves with char=0 coefficients, or with torsion coefficients when the parameter $d$ is less than the characteristic.
We prove a version of quantum geometric Langlands conjecture in characteristic $p$. Namely, we construct an equivalence of certain localizations of derived categories of twisted crystalline $\mathcal D$-modules on the stack of rank $N$ vector bundles on an algebraic curve $C$ in characteristic $p$. The twisting parameters are related in the way predicted by the conjecture, and are assumed to be irrational (i.e., not in $\mathbb F_p$). We thus extend the results of arXiv:math/0602255 concerning the similar problem for the usual (non-quantum) geometric Langlands. In the course of the proof, we i…
Special kinds of rank 2 vector bundles with (possibly irregular) connections on P^1 are considered. We construct an equivalence between the derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves on the moduli stack of such bundles and the derived category of modules over a TDO ring on certain non-separated curve. We identify this curve with the coarse moduli space of some parabolic bundles on P^1. Then our equivalence becomes an example of the categorical Langlands correspondence.
We construct infinitely many non-isotrivial families of abelian varieties over given four punctured projective lines. These families lead to algebraic solutions of Painleve VI equation. Finally, based on a recent paper by Lin-Sheng-Wang, we prove a complete characterization for the locus of motivic Higgs bundles in the moduli space as fixed points of an ``additive'' self-map. This is a note based on the lecture given by the second named author on 04 Nov. 2022 at Tsinghua University.
This article deals with the tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence for GL_2 on $\mathbf{P}_{\mathbf{F}_q}^1$, where $q$ is a prime power, with tame ramification at four distinct points $D = \{\infty, 0,1, t\} \subset \mathbf{P}^1(\mathbf{F}_q)$. We describe in an explicit way (1) the action of the Hecke operators on a basis of the cusp forms, which consists of $q$ elements; and (2) the correspondence that assigns to a pure irreducible rank 2 local system $E$ on $\mathbf{P}^1 \setminus D$ with unipotent monodromy its Hecke eigensheaf on the moduli space of rank 2 parabolic vector bu…
A brief survey is given of the classical Langlands correspondence between n-dimensional representations of Galois groups of local and global fields of dimension 1 and irreducible representations of the groups GL(n). A generalization of the Langlands program to fields of dimension 2 is considered and the corresponding version for 1-dimensional representations is described. We formulate a conjecture on a direct image (=automorphic induction) of automorphic forms which links the Langlands correspondences in dimension 2 and 1. The direct image conjecture implies the classical Hasse-Weil conjecture…
