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arXiv 1908.09667astro-ph.HE
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瞬变银河系和河外吸积源的时滞

Time lag in transient galactic and extragalactic accreting sources

Franco Giovannelli, Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan

摘要:

X射线双星是基本物理过程的大熔炉,它们几乎出现在整个电磁波谱中。X射线瞬变源的子类显示出多频行为,为了理解产生的物理现象,这些行为值得特别关注。这些双星系统由一颗致密星和一颗光学星组成,因此这两颗星之间存在相互影响,驱动着低能(LE)(即射电、红外、光学)和高能(HE)(即紫外、X射线、$γ$射线)过程。LE过程主要发生在光学星上,HE过程主要发生在致密星上,典型的是中子星。因此,很明显,通过LE过程的研究,也可以理解HE过程,反之亦然。在本文中,我们将从首次在X射线/Be系统A0535+26/HDE 245770中检测到的LE和HE过程之间的延迟的实验证据开始讨论这个问题(例如,Giovannelli \& Sabau-Graziati,2011; Giovannelli,Bisnovatyi-Kogan \& Klepnev,2013(在GBK 13之后); Giovannelli等人,2015年b)。这种延迟在激变变星(CV)和其他含有中子星或黑洞的双星系统中很常见。由于LE过程和HE过程之间的延迟已经在几个活动星系核(AGN)中被实验观察到,我们也将讨论大质量黑洞对恒星的潮汐扰动,遵循Rees(1998)的原始想法:星系核中的恒星可以被中心黑洞捕获或潮汐扰动。一些碎片会被高速喷射出来,其余的会被黑洞吞噬,造成一个明亮的耀斑,最多持续几年。

英文摘要:

X-ray binaries are cauldrons of fundamental physical processes which appear along practically the whole electromagnetic spectrum. The sub-class of X-ray transient sources show multifrequency behaviour which deserve particular attention in order to understand the causing physics. These binary systems consist of a compact star and an optical star, therefore there is a mutual influence between these two stars that drive the low energy (LE) (i.e. radio, IR, optical) and high energy (HE) (i.e. UV, X-ray, $γ$-ray) processes. The LE processes are produced mostly on the optical star and the HE processes mostly on the compact star, typically a neutron star. Thus it appears evident that through the study of LE processes it is possible to understand also the HE processes and vice versa. In this paper we will discuss this problem starting from the experimental evidence of a delay between LE and HE processes detected for the first time in the X-ray/Be system A0535+26/HDE245770 (e.g. Giovannelli \& Sabau-Graziati, 2011; Giovannelli, Bisnovatyi-Kogan \& Klepnev, 2013 (here after GBK13); Giovannelli et al., 2015b). This delay is common in cataclysmic variables (CVs) and other binary systems with either a neutron star or a black hole. Since a delay between LE processes and HE processes has been experimentally observed in several active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we will discuss also the tidal disruption of stars by massive BHs, following the original idea of Rees (1998): stars in galactic nuclei can be captured or tidally disrupted by a central black hole. Some debris would be ejected at high speed, the remainder would be swallowed by the hole, causing a bright flare lasting at most a few years.

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