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arXiv 2602.12425astro-ph.HE
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SAX J1808.4$-$3658吸积毫秒X射线脉冲星2022次爆发期间的宽频时间与频谱研究

Broadband Timing and Spectral Study of Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsar SAX J1808.4$-$3658 during Its 2022 Outburst

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA)(大学间天文学与天体物理学中心);Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari(卡利亚里大学);Department of Applied Sciences, UPES(印度石油大学应用科学系)

Rahul Sharma, Andrea Sanna, Prince Sharma

AI总结:

研究SAX J1808.4$-$3658在2022次爆发期间的宽频时间与频谱特性,揭示吸积几何结构和电离层、盘、磁层的耦合演化。

摘要:

我们报告了针对SAX J1808.4$-$3658吸积毫秒X射线脉冲星在第十次爆发期间获得的NuSTAR和AstroSat观测数据,以及同时进行的NICER观测数据的调查。NuSTAR观测捕捉到了爆发峰值附近的源,而AstroSat则在衰减阶段进行了观测。在整个爆发期间检测到了约401 Hz的相干脉动,3-30 keV范围内的基频振幅从峰值附近的约4%增加到衰减期间的约6%。脉动表现出强烈的能量依赖性和约0.2-0.3毫秒的负时间滞后,更硬的光子领先更软的光子。两个时期的宽频谱均能很好地用软热成分和Compton化连续谱,以及显著的相对论反射成分来描述。随着爆发的发展,连续谱变软(Γ从约1.88增加到约1.99),电离参数下降(log ξ从约3.4降到约1.8),而反射分数增加,表明在衰减阶段,吸积几何结构发生了变化,更紧凑的电离层和更大的盘覆盖分数。X射线辐射亮度在两个时期之间下降了约3倍。我们的结果表明,随着质量吸积率的降低,电离层、盘和磁层的耦合演化。

英文摘要:

We report on our investigation of the NuSTAR and AstroSat observations along with simultaneous NICER observations of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4$-$3658, obtained during its tenth outburst from 2022. The NuSTAR observation captured the source near the outburst peak, while AstroSat observed it during the decay phase. Coherent pulsations at $\sim$401 Hz were detected throughout the outburst, with the fundamental amplitude in the 3--30 keV range increasing from $\sim$4% near the peak to $\sim$6% during the decay. The pulsations display strong energy dependence and negative time lags of $\sim$0.2--0.3 ms, with harder photons leading softer ones. The broadband spectra in both epochs are well described by a soft thermal component and Comptonized continuum, together with a prominent relativistic reflection component. As the outburst evolved, the continuum softened ($Γ$ increasing from $\sim$1.88 to $\sim$1.99) and the coronal electron temperature decreased ($kT_{\rm e}$ from $\sim$31 to $\sim$18 keV), consistent with enhanced Compton cooling at lower accretion rates. The ionization parameter declined ($\log ξ$ from $\sim$3.4 to $\sim$1.8) while the reflection fraction increased, suggesting a changing accretion geometry with a more compact corona and a larger disk covering fraction during the decay phase. The X-ray luminosity decreased by a factor of $\sim$3 between the two epochs. Our results suggest the coupled evolution of the corona, disk, and magnetosphere as the mass accretion rate declines.

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