高精度的势能面对于化学体系的详细理解和预测建模具有重要意义。近年来,几种基于机器学习算法并适合于从头算参考计算的新型力场被引入以满足这一要求。在这里,我们展示了如何高维神经网络势可以自动生成有限大小的团簇的势能面在耦合团簇精度,即CCSD(T*)-F12 a/aug-cc-pVTZ。开发的自动化程序利用建立的固有特性的模型,使训练集的配置选择在一个公正的和有效的方式,以尽量减少昂贵的参考计算的计算工作量。这些想法被应用到质子化的水簇从水合氢阳离子,H $_3$ O $^+$,到四聚体,H $_9$ O $_{4}^{+}$,并导致一个单一的势能面,描述所有这些系统在基本上收敛耦合簇的精度与拟合误差为0.06 kJ/mol每个原子。拟合验证详细的所有集群的四聚体,并产生可靠的结果,不仅为固定点,而且为反应途径,中间配置,以及不同的采样技术。按照设计,以这种方式构建的NNPs可以处理非常不同的条件,包括原子核的量子性质和覆盖非常低和高温的增强采样技术。这使得能够快速和详尽地探索具有基本上收敛的相互作用的目标质子化水簇。此外,自动化过程将允许人们处理远超出当前情况的有限系统。
英文摘要:
Highly accurate potential energy surfaces are of key interest for the detailed understanding and predictive modeling of chemical systems. In recent years, several new types of force fields, which are based on machine learning algorithms and fitted to ab initio reference calculations, have been introduced to meet this requirement. Here we show how high-dimensional neural network potentials can be employed to automatically generate the potential energy surface of finite sized clusters at coupled cluster accuracy, namely CCSD(T*)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ. The developed automated procedure utilizes the established intrinsic properties of the model such that the configurations for the training set are selected in an unbiased and efficient way to minimize the computational effort of expensive reference calculations. These ideas are applied to protonated water clusters from the hydronium cation, H$_3$O$^+$, up to the tetramer, H$_9$O$_{4}^{+}$, and lead to a single potential energy surface that describes all these systems at essentially converged coupled cluster accuracy with a fitting error of 0.06 kJ/mol per atom. The fit is validated in detail for all clusters up to the tetramer and yields reliable results not only for stationary points, but also for reaction pathways, intermediate configurations, as well as different sampling techniques. Per design the NNPs constructed in this fashion can handle very different conditions including the quantum nature of the nuclei and enhanced sampling techniques covering very low as well as high temperatures. This enables fast and exhaustive exploration of the targeted protonated water clusters with essentially converged interactions. In addition, the automated process will allow one to tackle finite systems much beyond the present case.
Valence Ionization Of Water Clusters Formed Inside Helium Nanodroplets
Indian Institute of Technology Madras(印度马德拉斯理工学院);Aarhus University(奥胡斯大学);Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,LIPhy);Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste(的里雅斯特电子同步加速器)
Neural Network Interaction Potentials for para-Hydrogen with Flexible Molecules
$para$ -氢($p$ H $\rm_2$)簇中分子杂质的研究是推进我们对分子内和分子间相互作用(包括它们对这种玻色子量子溶剂的超流响应的影响)的理解的关键。这包括用一种或非常少的$p$ H $\rm_2$标记、微溶剂化方案和基质分离。然而,玻色子$p$ H $\rm_2$环境和分子杂质的(ro-)振动运动之间的基本耦合仍然知之甚少。量子模拟可以提供必要的原子论的洞察力,但非常准确的描述所涉及的相互作用是必需的。在这里,我们提出了一个数据驱动的方法,用于生成$impurity\cdots p$ H $\rm_2$相互作用潜力的基础上,机器学习技术,保留了充分的灵活性的杂质。我们采用成熟的绝热受阻转子(AHR)平均技术,包括核自旋统计的影响,$p$ H $\rm_2$的自旋允许的转动量子数。在高维神经网络势(NNP)框架内嵌入该平均过程使得能够以自动化的方式以耦合簇精度生成高精度的AHR平均的NNP,即CCSD(T $^*$)-F12 a/aVTZcp。我们将这种方法应用于水和质子化水分子,分别作为准刚性和高柔性分子的代表性情况,并获得AHR平均的NNPs,可靠地描述H $\rm _2$ O $\cdots p$ H $\rm_2$和H $\rm _3$ O $^+\cdots p$ H $\rm_2$相互作用。使用路径积分模拟,我们表明的水合氢阳离子,伞状隧道反转有强烈的影响,…
用从头算分子动力学模拟方法对Na+水溶液进行了模拟.计算处理的Na+离子和32个水分子的周期性边界条件的立方体积确定的估计为零偏摩尔体积的水在正常密度和温度为344+/-24 K。12 ps轨迹的后半部分的分析显示,平均有4.6个水分子占据Na+离子的内部水化壳层,其中5个是最可能的占据。Na+的自扩散系数为1.0 x 10 $^{-5}$ cm $^2$ /s。溶液的准化学理论为另外两个计算提供了框架。首先,一个互补的计算,离子水簇的电子结构的结果和介电连续模型的外层水化贡献的基础上,预测平均水化壳占有率为4.0。这种低估是由于谐波近似的集群与近似的介电连续模型处理外球的贡献。最后,导致不敏感的复合自由能近似值的内球占位符的最大熵拟合表明,在这些条件下,Na+(aq)的水合自由能的值在-68千卡/摩尔附近,没有为填充或范德华相互作用提供贡献。
A large language model-type architecture for high-dimensional molecular potential energy surfaces
Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics(化学系、物理系);the Indiana University Quantum Science(印第安纳大学量子科学);Engineering Center (IU-QSEC), Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN-47405(工程中心(IU-QSEC),印第安纳大学,800 E. Kirkwood Ave,布卢明顿,IN-47405)
Separable Force Matching of PBE0 Hybrid-Functional Reference Forces for Path-Integral Simulations of Liquid Water
University of Paderborn(帕德博恩大学);Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz(约翰内斯·古腾堡美因茨大学);Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)(先进系统理解中心);Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(德累斯顿-罗森多夫亥姆霍兹中心);Technische Universität Dresden(德累斯顿工业大学)