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arXiv 1908.06206physics.opticsphysics.ins-detquant-ph
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自由电子与光子腔的相干相互作用

Coherent interaction between free electrons and a photonic cavity

Kangpeng Wang, Raphael Dahan, Michael Shentcis, Yaron Kauffmann, Adi Ben Hayun, Ori Reinhardt, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer

摘要:

自诞生以来,腔量子电动力学(CQED)的研究扩展了我们对光-物质相互作用的理解和利用它们的能力。到目前为止,这一领域的所有工作都集中在光与束缚电子系统的相互作用上--如原子、分子、量子点和量子线路。相比之下,在自由电子系统中发现了明显不同的物理现象,其能量分布是连续的而不是离散的,这意味着可调的跃迁和选择规则。除了在电子显微镜中的应用外,自由电子与光的相互作用还能产生重要的现象,如切伦科夫辐射、康普顿散射和自由电子激光。然而,没有实验表明自由电子集成到CQED的框架中,因为基本的电子-光相互作用在强度和寿命上是有限的。这一极限解释了为什么许多现象在自由电子实验中仍然遥不可及。在这项工作中,我们开发了一个平台,研究在纳米尺度上的自由电子的CQED,并证明了它通过观察它们与腔光子的相干相互作用的第一次。我们还直接测量腔光子寿命通过一个自由电子探针,并显示超过一个数量级的增强的电子-光子相互作用强度。这些能力可能会为使用自由电子作为量子信息的载体开辟新的途径,在自由电子和腔光子之间的强耦合被证明之后更是如此。有效的电子-腔光子耦合还可以允许腔光电力学的新的非线性现象和使用低电子电流和低激光曝光的软物质或其他束敏感材料的超快探索。

英文摘要:

Since its inception, research of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) has extended our understanding of light-matter interactions and our ability to utilize them. Thus far, all the work in this field has been focused on light interacting with bound electron systems - such as atoms, molecules, quantum dots, and quantum circuits. In contrast, markedly different physical phenomena are found in free-electron systems, the energy distribution of which is continuous and not discrete, implying tunable transitions and selection rules. In addition to their uses for electron microscopy, the interaction of free electrons with light enables important phenomena such as Cherenkov radiation, Compton scattering, and free-electron lasing. However, no experiment has shown the integration of free electrons into the framework of CQED, because the fundamental electron-light interaction is limited in strength and lifetime. This limit explains why many phenomena have remained out of reach for experiments with free electrons. In this work, we developed the platform for studying CQED at the nanoscale with free electrons and demonstrated it by observing their coherent interaction with cavity photons for the first time. We also directly measure the cavity photon lifetime via a free electron probe and show more than an order of magnitude enhancement in the electron-photon interaction strength. These capabilities may open new paths toward using free electrons as carriers of quantum information, even more so after strong coupling between free electrons and cavity photons will have been demonstrated. Efficient electron-cavity photon coupling could also allow new nonlinear phenomena of cavity opto-electro-mechanics and the ultrafast exploration of soft matter or other beam-sensitive materials using low electron current and low laser exposure.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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