In this paper, the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $Ξ_g$ is studied for the stationary elasticity system in a compact Riemannian manifold $(Ω,g)$ with smooth boundary $\partial Ω$. By overcoming methodological difficulties, we explicitly get matrix-valued full symbol for the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $Ξ_g$. We prove that for a strong convex or extendable real-analytic manifold with boundary, the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $Ξ_g$ uniquely determines the metric $g$ of $Ω$ in the sense of isometry, thereby solving an open problem for the uniqueness of the metric under real-analytic setting. Furthermore, by calculating the symbol representation of the resolvent operator $(Ξ-τI)^{-1}$ we can explicitly obtain all coefficients $a_0, a_1 \cdots, a_{n-1}$ of the asymptotic expansion $\sum_{k=1}^\infty e^{-t τ_k}\sim \sum_{m=0}^{n-1} a_m t^{m+1-n} +o(1)$ as $t\to 0^+$, where $τ_k$ is the $k$-th eigenvalue of the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $Ξ_g$ (i.e., $k$-th elastic Steklov eigenvalue). These coefficients (spectral invariants) provide important geometric information for the manifold, which give an answer to another open problem for the elastic Steklov spectral asymptotics.
Inequalities between the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian have received much attention in the literature, but open problems abound. Here, we study the number of Neumann eigenvalues no greater than the first Dirichlet eigenvalue. Based on a combination of analytical and numerical results, we conjecture that this number is controlled by the isoperimetric ratio of the domain. This has applications to the nodal deficiency of eigenfunctions and is closely related to a long-standing conjecture of Yau on the Hausdorff measure of nodal sets.
This paper is devoted to study the asymptotic expansion of the heat trace of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the thermoelastic equation on a Riemannian manifold with doundary. By providing a method we can obtain all the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion. In particular, we explicitly give the first two coefficients involving the volume and the total mean curvature of the boundary.
Given the Laplacian on a planar, convex domain with piecewise linear boundary subject to mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions, we provide a sufficient condition for its lowest eigenvalue to dominate the lowest eigenvalue of the Laplacian with the complementary boundary conditions (i.e. with Dirichlet replaced by Neumann and vice versa). The application of this result to triangles gives an affirmative partial answer to a recent conjecture. Moreover, we prove a further observation of similar flavor for right triangles.
Quantum waveguide with the shape of planar infinite straight strip and combined Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on the opposite half-lines of the boundary is considered. The absence of the point as well as of the singular continuous spectrum is proved.
Given a Schrödinger operator with a real-valued potential on a bounded, convex domain or a bounded interval we prove inequalities between the eigenvalues corresponding to Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, respectively. The obtained inequalities depend partially on monotonicity and convexity properties of the potential. The results are counterparts of classical inequalities for the Laplacian but display some distinction between the one-dimensional case and higher dimensions.
This paper deals with the Klein-Gordon-Maxwell system in a bounded spatial domain. We study the existence of solutions having a specific form, namely standing waves in equilibrium with a purely electrostatic field. We prescribe Dirichlet boundary conditions on the matter field, and either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on the electric potential.
The spectral shift function of a pair of self-adjoint operators is expressed via an abstract operator valued Titchmarsh--Weyl $m$-function. This general result is applied to different self-adjoint realizations of second-order elliptic partial differential operators on smooth domains with compact boundaries, Schrödinger operators with compactly supported potentials, and finally, Schrödinger operators with singular potentials supported on hypersurfaces. In these applications the spectral shift function is determined in an explicit form with the help of (energy parameter dependent) Dirichlet-to-N…
The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on asymptotically anti-de Sitter spaces and holography
Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（西班牙高等科学研究委员会数学科学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, University of Washington（华盛顿大学数学系）；Mathematical Institute, Universiteit Utrecht（乌得勒支大学数学研究所）；Mathematics & Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel（布鲁塞尔自由大学数学与数据科学）
A general representation formula for the scattering matrix of a scattering system consisting of two self-adjoint operators in terms of an abstract operator valued Titchmarsh-Weyl $m$-function is proved. This result is applied to scattering problems for different self-adjoint realizations of Schrödinger operators on unbounded domains, Schrödinger operators with singular potentials supported on hypersurfaces, and orthogonal couplings of Schrödinger operators. In these applications the scattering matrix is expressed in an explicit form with the help of Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps.
We consider inverse boundary value problems for elliptic equations of second order of determining coefficients by Dirichlet-to-Neumann map on subboundaries, that is, the mapping from Dirichlet data supported on $\partialΩ\setminus Γ_-$ to Neumann data on $\partialΩ\setminus Γ_+$. First we prove uniqueness results in three dimensions under some conditions such as $\bar{Γ_+ \cup Γ_-} = \partialΩ$. Next we survey uniqueness results in two dimensions for various elliptic systems for arbitrarily given $Γ_- = Γ_+$. Our proof is based on complex geometric optics solutions which are constructed by a C…
We study the high-frequency behavior of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for an arbitrary compact Riemannian manifold with a non-empty smooth boundary. We show that far from the real axis it can be approximated by a simpler operator. We use this fact to get new results concerning the location of the transmission eigenvalues on the complex plane. In some cases we obtain optimal transmission eigenvalue-free regions.
We consider the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the Schrödinger equation with a potential in a bounded Lipschitz domain in three or more dimensions. We show that the integral of the potential over a two-plane is determined by the Cauchy data of certain exponentially growing solutions on any neighborhood of the intersection of the two-plane with the boundary.
We show that measurements of the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map, roughly speaking, on a certain part of the boundary of a smooth domain in dimension 3 or higher, for inputs with support restricted to the other part, determine an electric potential on that domain. Given a convexity condition on the domain, either the set on which measurements are taken, or the set on which input functions are supported, can be made to be arbitrarily small. The result is analogous to the result by Kenig, Sjöstrand, and Uhlmann for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The main new ingredient in the proof is a Carleman estimat…
The Dirichlet problem and Dirichlet to Neumann map are analyzed for elliptic equations on a large collection of infinite quantum graphs. For a dense set of continuous functions on the graph boundary, the Dirichlet to Neumann map has values in the Radon measures on the graph boundary.
We consider conditions for uniqueness of the solution of the Dirichlet or the Neumann problem for 2-dimensional wave equation inside of bi-quadratic algebraic curve. We show that the solution is non-trivial if and only if corresponding Poncelet problem for two conics associated with the curve has periodic trajectory and if and only if corresponding Pell-Abel equation has a solution.
According to the Schwarz symmetry principle, every harmonic function vanishing on a real analytic curve has an odd continuation, while a harmonic function satisfying homogeneous Neumann condition has the even continuation. There are different generalizations of the Schwarz symmetry principle. Most of them are dealing with homogeneous conditions and the Dirichlet case. Using a technique of Dirichlet to Neumann and Robin to Neumann operators, we derive reflection formulae for nonhomogeneous Neumann and Robin conditions from a reflection formula subject to a nonhomogeneous Dirichlet condition.
We study the relationship between the symbol of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator associated with a connection Laplacian, and the geometry on and near the boundary. As a consequence, we show that the geometric data on the boundary, and when the dimension of the base is greater than two all corresponding normal derivatives, are determined by the symbol.
We consider elliptic equations in planar domains with mixed boundary conditions of Dirichlet-Neumann type. Sharp asymptotic expansions of the solutions and unique continuation properties from the Dirichlet-Neumann junction are proved.
The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to an elliptic partial differential equation becomes multivalued when the underlying Dirichlet problem is not uniquely solvable. The main objective of this paper is to present a systematic study of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map and its inverse, the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map, in the framework of linear relations in Hilbert spaces. Our treatment is inspired by abstract methods from extension theory of symmetric operators, utilizes the general theory of linear relations and makes use of some deep results on the regularity of the solutions of boundary value pr…
We consider Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators associated to $Δ+q$ on a Lipschitz domain in a smooth manifold, where $q$ is an $L^{\infty}$ potential. We prove a Courant-type bound for the nodal count of the extensions $u_k$ of the $k$th Dirichlet-to-Neumann eigenfunctions $ϕ_k$ to the interior satisfying $(Δ+q)u_k=0$. The classical Courant nodal domain theorem is known to hold for Steklov eigenfunctions, which are the harmonic extension of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann eigenfunctions associated to $Δ$. Our result extends it to a larger family of Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators. Our proof makes use of t…
We study the linearization of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for Poincaré-Einstein metrics in even dimensions on an arbitrary compact manifold with boundary. By fixing a suitable gauge, we make the linearized Einstein equation elliptic. In this gauge the linearization of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map appears as the scattering matrix for an elliptic operator of 0-type, modified by some differential operators. We study the scattering matrix by using the 0-calculus and generalize a result of Graham for the case of the standard hyperbolic metric on a ball.
We consider the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem on a simple polytope. We use the Rellich identity to obtain an explicit formula expressing the Dirichlet eigenvalue in terms of the Neumann data on the faces of the polytope of the corresponding eigenfunction. The formula is particular simple for polytopes admitting an inscribed ball tangent to all the faces. Our result could be viewed as a generalization of similar identities for simplices recently found by Christianson [1][2].
The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for differential forms on a Riemannian manifold with boundary is a generalization of the classical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map which arises in the problem of Electrical Impedance Tomography. We synthesize the two different approaches to defining this operator by giving an invariant definition of the complete Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for differential forms in terms of two linear operators Φ and Ψ. The pair (Φ, Ψ) is equivalent to Joshi and Lionheart's operator Π and determines Belishev and Sharafutdinov's operator Λ. We show that the Betti numbers of the manifold are d…
Let ϕ be a Dirichlet or Neumann eigenfunction of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. We prove lower bounds for the size of the nodal set {ϕ=0}.
In this paper we consider the inverse problem of determining on a compact Riemannian manifold the metric tensor in the wave equation with Dirichlet data from measured Neumann boundary observations. This information is enclosed in the dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the wave equation. We prove in dimension $n\geq 2$ that the knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the wave equation uniquely determines the metric tensor and we establish logarithm-type stability.
In this work we study regularity properties of solutions to fractional elliptic problems with mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary data when dealing with the Spectral Fractional Laplacian.
We establish two commutator estimates for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated with a second-order elliptic system in divergence form in Lipschitz domains. Our approach is based on Dahlberg's bilinear estimates.
We prove Hölder type stability estimates near generic simple Riemannian metrics for the inverse problem of recovering such metrics from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the wave equation for the Laplace-Beltrami operator.
A mixed Dirichlet-Neumann problem is regularized with a family of singularly perturbed Neumann-Robin boundary problems, parametrized by $\varepsilon > 0$. Using an asymptotic development by Gamma-convergence, the asymptotic behavior of the solutions to the perturbed problems is studied as $\varepsilon \to 0^+$, recovering classical results in the literature.
Using a distributed representation formula of the Gateaux derivative of the Dirichlet to Neumann map with respect to movements of a polygonal conductivity inclusion, [11], we extend the results obtained in [8] proving global Lipschitz stability for the determination of a polygonal conductivity inclusion embedded in a layered medium from knowledge of the Dirichlet to Neumann map.
We study the inverse problem of identifying a periodic potential perturbation of the Dirichlet Laplacian acting in an infinite cylindrical domain, whose cross section is assumed to be bounded. We prove log-log stable determination of the potential with respect to the partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, where the Neumann data is taken on slightly more than half of the boundary of the domain.
In the framework of Hilbert spaces we shall give necessary and sufficient conditions to define a Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator via Dirichlet principle. For singular Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators we will establish Laurent expansion near singularities as well as Mittag--Leffler expansion for the related quadratic form. The established results will be exploited to solve definitively the problem of positivity of the related semigroup in the $L^2$ setting. The obtained results are supported by some examples on Lipschitz domains. Among other results, we shall demonstrate that regularity of the boun…
Some linear integro-differential operators have old and classical representations as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators for linear elliptic equations, such as the 1/2-Laplacian or the generator of the boundary process of a reflected diffusion. In this work, we make some extensions of this theory to the case of a \emph{nonlinear} Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping that is constructed using a solution to a \emph{fully nonlinear} elliptic equation in a given domain, mapping Dirichlet data to its normal derivative of the resulting solution. Here we begin the process of giving detailed information about …
We give formulae that yield an information about the location of an unknown polygonal inclusion having unknown constant conductivity inside a known conductive material having known constant conductivity from a partial knowledge of the Neumann -to-Dirichlet operator.
In this paper we study the dependence of the Hölder estimates on the geometry of a domain with holes for the Neumann problem. For this, we study the Hölder regularity of the solutions to the Dirichlet and Neumann problems in the disk (and in the exterior of the disk), from which we get a relation between harmonic extensions and harmonic functions with prescribed Neumann condition on the boundary of the disk (for both interior and exterior problems).
We study a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem defined on a smooth bounded domain involving the fractional Laplace operator, a concave-convex powers term together with mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions.
In this article we seek stability estimates in the inverse problem of determining the potential or the velocity in a wave equation in an anisotropic medium from measured Neumann boundary observations. This information is enclosed in the dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the wave equation. We prove in dimension $n\geq 2$ that the knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the wave equation uniquely determines the electric potential and we prove Hölder-type stability in determining the potential.
In the very influential paper \cite{CS07} Caffarelli and Silvestre studied regularity of $(-Δ)^s$, $0<s<1$, by identifying fractional powers with a certain Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. Stinga and Torrea \cite{ST10} and Galé, Miana and Stinga \cite{GMS13} gave several more abstract versions of this extension procedure. The purpose of this paper is to study precise regularity properties of the Dirichlet and the Neumann problem in Hilbert spaces. Then the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator becomes an isomorphism between interpolation spaces and its part in the underlying Hilbert space is exactly the…
In this paper we derive rigorously the derivative of the Dirichlet to Neumann map and of the Neumann to Dirichlet map of the conductivity equation with respect to movements of vertices of triangular conductivity inclusions. We apply this result to formulate an optimization problem based on a shape derivative approach.
We prove an analyticity result for the Dirichlet-Neumann operator under space periodic boundary conditions in any dimension in an unbounded domain with infinite depth. We derive an analytic bifurcation result of analytic Stokes waves -- i.e. space periodic traveling solutions -- of the water waves equations in deep water.
We consider the Calderòn problem in an infinite cylindrical domain, whose cross section is a bounded domain of the plane. We prove log-log stability in the determination of the isotropic periodic conductivity coefficient from partial Dirichlet data and partial Neumann boundary observations of the solution.
We study the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the stationary linear equation of elasticity in a bounded domain in R d , d $\ge$ 2, with smooth boundary. We show that it can be approximated by a pseudodifferential operator on the boundary with a matrix-valued symbol and we compute the principal symbol modulo conjugation by unitary matrices.
We present an asymptotic study of the Dirichlet to Neumann map of high contrast composite media with perfectly conducting inclusions that are close to touching. The result is an explicit characterization of the map in the asymptotic limit of the distance between the particles tending to zero.
It is well known that both the heat equation with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are null controlable as soon as the control acts in a non trivial domain (i.e. a set of positive measure, see [10, 11, 12, 1, 6]. In this article, we show that for any couple of initial data (u0, v0) we can achieve the null control for both equations (Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions respectively) simultaneously with the same control function for both equations.
Recent work of the authors and their collaborators has uncovered fundamental connections between the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, the spectral flow of a certain family of self-adjoint operators, and the nodal deficiency of a Laplacian eigenfunction (or an analogous deficiency associated to a non-bipartite equipartition). Using a refined construction of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, we strengthen all of these results, in particular getting improved bounds on the nodal deficiency of degenerate eigenfunctions. Our framework is very general, allowing for non-bipartite partitions, non-simple eigenvalu…
We prove Poisson upper bounds for the kernel $K$ of the semigroup generated by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator if the underlying domain is bounded and has a $C^\infty$-boundary. We also prove Poisson bounds for $K_z$ for all $z$ in the right half-plane and for all its derivatives.
In this article, we study the boundary inverse problem of determining the aligned magnetic fiaeld appearing in the magnetic Schrödinger equation in a periodic quantum cylindrical waveguide. Provided that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of the magnetic Schrödinger equation. We prove a Holder stability estimate with respect to the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, by means of the geometrical optics solutions of the magnetic Schrodinger equation.
A large class of initial-boundary value problems of linear evolution partial differential equations formulated on the half-line is analyzed via the unified transform method. In particular, explicit formulae are presented for the generalized Dirichlet to Neumann maps. Namely, the determination of the unknown boundary values in terms of an essential set of given data.
In this paper we are interested in establishing stability estimates in the inverse problem of determining on a compact Riemannian manifold the electric potential or the conformal factor in a Schrödinger equation with Dirichlet data from measured Neumann boundary observations. This information is enclosed in the dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the Schrödinger equation. We prove in dimension n bigger than 2 that the knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the Schrödinger equation uniquely determines the electric potential and we establish Hölder-type stability estimates in…
