变化环境中浓度传感的物理限制
Physical limit to concentration sensing in a changing environment
摘要：
细胞通过使用特定受体感知配体浓度来适应变化的环境。传感的准确性最终受到受体结合的配体分子的有限数量的限制。以前推导的物理限制传感精度假设的浓度是恒定的，忽略了其时间波动。我们制定的浓度传感在强烈波动的环境中作为一个非线性场论问题，我们找到了一个很好的近似高斯解的问题。我们推导出一个新的物理约束的相对误差浓度$c$的规模为$δc/c \sim (Dacτ)^{-1/4}$与配体扩散率$D$，受体截面$a$，和特征波动时间尺度$τ$，在鲜明的对比，通常的伯格和珀塞尔绑定$δc/c \sim (DacT)^{-1/2}$为一个完美的受体传感浓度在时间$T$。我们展示了如何通过一个简单的生物化学网络下游的受体，适应的动力学信号作为一个函数的平方根的感知浓度的绑定可以实现。
英文摘要：
Cells adapt to changing environments by sensing ligand concentrations using specific receptors. The accuracy of sensing is ultimately limited by the finite number of ligand molecules bound by receptors. Previously derived physical limits to sensing accuracy have assumed that the concentration was constant and ignored its temporal fluctuations. We formulate the problem of concentration sensing in a strongly fluctuating environment as a non-linear field-theoretic problem, for which we find an excellent approximate Gaussian solution. We derive a new physical bound on the relative error in concentration $c$ which scales as $δc/c \sim (Dacτ)^{-1/4}$ with ligand diffusivity $D$, receptor cross-section $a$, and characteristic fluctuation time scale $τ$, in stark contrast with the usual Berg and Purcell bound $δc/c \sim (DacT)^{-1/2}$ for a perfect receptor sensing concentration during time $T$. We show how the bound can be achieved by a simple biochemical network downstream the receptor that adapts the kinetics of signaling as a function of the square root of the sensed concentration.
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