电子天体物理学的一个实例
A Case for Electron-Astrophysics
摘要：
物理学前沿的一个巨大挑战是了解能量如何在等离子体中传输和转化。这一基础研究优先事项包括将等离子体流和电磁能转换为粒子能量，无论是作为热量还是其他形式的能量。电子动力学决定等离子体行为的最小特征尺度是空间和天体物理等离子体研究的下一个前沿。在这些尺度上对天体物理过程的分析是电子天体物理学领域的核心。电子尺度是等离子体湍流耗散的最终瓶颈，这是一个在电子动力学机制中不理解的基本过程。由于电子是完全电离等离子体中数量最多且最易移动的等离子体物质，并且受到磁场的强烈引导，因此它们的热性质非常有效地耦合到全局等离子体动力学和热力学。
英文摘要：
A grand-challenge problem at the forefront of physics is to understand how energy is transported and transformed in plasmas. This fundamental research priority encapsulates the conversion of plasma-flow and electromagnetic energies into particle energy, either as heat or some other form of energisation. The smallest characteristic scales, at which electron dynamics determines the plasma behaviour, are the next frontier in space and astrophysical plasma research. The analysis of astrophysical processes at these scales lies at the heart of the field of electron-astrophysics. Electron scales are the ultimate bottleneck for dissipation of plasma turbulence, which is a fundamental process not understood in the electron-kinetic regime. Since electrons are the most numerous and most mobile plasma species in fully ionised plasmas and are strongly guided by the magnetic field, their thermal properties couple very efficiently to global plasma dynamics and thermodynamics.
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