AI 中文总结
该研究发现天体物理陀螺动力学的新二次不变量陀螺动力学螺旋度,推导其在五种子模型中的极限形式,揭示磁流体与相空间螺旋度的转化机制,该转化可规避螺旋度壁垒并增强太阳风湍流加热。
AI 中文摘要
我们证明,空间均匀平衡态下的陀螺动力学(即“天体物理陀螺动力学”)具有一种此前未知的二次不变量,我们将其命名为陀螺动力学螺旋度。我们推导了该陀螺动力学螺旋度在天体物理陀螺动力学的五种子展开形式中的极限形式:等温电子流体(ITEF)近似、动力学简化磁流体力学(KRMHD)、电子简化磁流体力学(ERMHD)、有限拉莫尔半径磁流体力学(FLR-MHD)以及动力学简化电子加热模型(KREHM)。我们将陀螺动力学螺旋度的实部分为“磁流体”和“相空间”分量,这两个分量在KRMHD、ERMHD和FLR-MHD中分别守恒(其中不存在相空间螺旋度)。磁流体螺旋度在KRMHD中对应交叉螺旋度的阿尔文部分,在ERMHD中对应磁螺旋度,在FLR-MHD和KREHM中对应广义螺旋度。我们推导了在ITEF近似下,当长度尺度与质子拉莫尔半径可比时,磁流体螺旋度转化为相空间螺旋度的速率的解析表达式。我们还解释了这种转化如何规避螺旋度壁垒,并增强冕洞和近太阳太阳风中的湍流加热。
英文摘要
We show that gyrokinetics in a spatially uniform equilibrium (or `astrophysical gyrokinetics') possesses a previously unknown quadratic invariant, which we call the gyrokinetic helicity. We derive the limiting forms of the gyrokinetic helicity in five subsidiary expansions of astrophysical gyrokinetics: the isothermal electron fluid (ITEF) approximation, kinetic reduced magnetohydrodynamics (KRMHD), electron reduced magnetohydrodynamics (ERMHD), finite-Larmor-radius magnetohydrodynamics (FLR-MHD), and the kinetic reduced electron heating model~(KREHM). We subdivide the real part of the gyrokinetic helicity into `magnetofluid' and `phase-space' components, which are separately conserved in KRMHD, ERMHD, and FLR-MHD (in which there is no phase-space helicity). The magnetofluid helicity is equivalent to the Alfvénic part of the cross helicity in KRMHD, the magnetic helicity in~ERMHD, and the generalized helicity in FLR-MHD and~KREHM. We derive an analytic expression for the rate at which magnetofluid helicity is converted into phase-space helicity at length scales comparable to the proton gyroradius in the ITEF approximation. We also explain how this conversion circumvents the helicity barrier and enhances turbulent heating in coronal holes and the near-Sun solar wind.
Comments26 pages, 2 figures