We study the thick brane model within $f(R)\sim R^n$ modified gravity in $D$-dimensional spacetimes with $D\geq 6$. The system under consideration consists of two branes orthogonal to each other: the four-dimensional Lorentzian brane and $(D-5)$-dimensional Euclidean one. It is numerically shown that, for a given $D$, regular vacuum asymptotically anti-de Sitter solutions exist only in the range $1<n<D/2$. Depending on the values of $n$ and boundary conditions imposed on the Lorentzian brane, the solutions can pass or not pass through a fixed point located on the Lorentzian brane, and also be $Z_2$-symmetric or nonsymmetric. In the large-$D$ limit, we find approximate analytic solutions. It is also shown that a test scalar field is trapped on the Lorentzian brane at any $D$.
A model of a thick brane in 5D bulk supported by two phantom scalar fields is considered. The comparison with a thick brane supported by two usual scalar fields is carried out. The distinctions between a thick brane supported by one usual scalar field and our model have been pointed out.
Within our thick brane approach previously used to obtain the cosmological evolution equations on a thick brane embedded in a five-dimensional Schwarzschild Anti-de Sitter spacetime it is explicitly shown that the consistency of these equations with the energy conservation equation requires that, in general, the thickness of the brane evolves in time. This varying brane thickness entails the possibility that both Newton's gravitational constant $G$ and the effective cosmological constant $Λ_4$ are time dependent.
In this work, thick branes in Rastall gravity are investigated. Three types of maximally symmetric thick brane models are constructed and the linear tensor perturbation is analyzed. In the flat brane model, the tensor modes of the perturbation are either unstable or nonlocalizable for a nonvanishing Rastall parameter. In the de Sitter brane model, only the ground state of the tensor mode is localized. In the anti-de Sitter brane model, the number of the bound tensor states is infinity. For both the de Sitter and anti-de Sitter brane models, the condition of stability for the Rastall parameter …
Stationary thick brane solutions supported by two spinor fields are considered. Two spinor fields are used here to exclude the off-diagonal components of the energy-momentum tensor of the spinor fields. The trapping of a test scalar field on the brane is also considered.
We study thick brane world models as Z_2-symmetric domain walls supported by a scalar field with an arbitrary potential V(ϕ) in 5D general relativity. Under the global regularity requirement, such configurations (i) have always an AdS asymptotic far from the brane, (ii) are only possible if V(ϕ) has an alternating sign and (iii) V(ϕ) should satisfy a certain fine-tuning type equality. Thus a thick brane with any admissible V(ϕ) is a regularized version of the RS2 brane immersed in the AdS_5 bulk. The thin brane limit is realized in a universal manner by including an arbitrary thick brane model…
In this work, we investigate gravitational resonances in both single and double mimetic thick branes, which can provide a new way to detect the extra dimension. For the single brane model, we apply the relative probability proposed in [Phys. Rev. D. 80 (2009) 065019]. For the double brane model, we investigate the resonances quasi-localized on the double brane, on the sub-branes and between the sub-branes, respectively. To investigate the resonances quasi-localized on the double brane, we introduce two different definitions of the relative probability and find that the corresponding mass spect…
The thick brane model is considered in $f(R)\sim R^n$ gravity. It is shown that regular asymptotically anti-de Sitter solutions exist in some range of values of the parameter $n$. A peculiar feature of this model is the existence of a fixed point in the phase plane where all solutions start, and the brane can be placed at this point. The presence of the fixed point allows to avoid fine tuning of the model parameters to obtain thick brane solutions.
We study Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati braneworlds with finite thickness. In respect to standard (thin) DGP Friedmann equation, finite thickness of the brane causes a subtle modification of the cosmological equations that can lead to significant physical consequences. The resulting cosmology is governed by two length scales which are associated with the brane thickness and with the crossover length respectively. In this setup both early inflation and late-time acceleration of the expansion are a consequence of the 5D geometry. At early times, as well as at late times, 5D effects become dominant (gra…
In this paper, we investigate thick branes generated by a scalar field in mimetic gravity theory. By introducing two auxiliary super-potentials, we transform the second-order field equations of the system into a set of first-order equations. With this first-order formalism, several types of analytical thick brane solutions are obtained. Then, tensor and scalar perturbations are analysed. We find that both kinds of perturbations are stable. The effective potentials for the tensor and scalar perturbations are dual to each other. The tensor zero mode can be localized on the brane while the scalar…
This article gives a comprehensive review on thick brane solutions and related topics. Such models have attracted much attention from many aspects since the birth of the brane world scenario. In many works, it has been usually assumed that a brane is an infinitely thin object; however in more general situations, one can no longer assume this. It is also widely considered that more fundamental theories such as string theory would have a minimal length scale. Many multidimensional field theories coupled to gravitation have exact solutions of gravitating topological defects, which can represent o…
The gravity coupling of the symmetric space sigma model is studied in the solvable Lie algebra parametrization. The corresponding Einstein's equations are derived and the energy-momentum tensor is calculated. The results are used to derive the dynamical equations of the warped 5D geometry for localized bulk scalar interactions in the framework of thick brane world models. The Einstein and scalar field equations are derived for flat brane geometry in the context of minimal and non-minimal gravity-bulk scalar couplings.
In this paper, we study the thick brane system in the so-called $f(Q)$ gravity, where the gravitational interaction was encoded by the nonmetricity $Q$ like scalar curvature $R$ in general relativity. With a special choice of $f(Q)=Q-b Q^n$, we find that the thick brane system can be solved analytically with the first-order formalism, where the complicated second-order differential equation is transformed to several first-order differential equations. Moreover, the stability of the thick brane system under tensor perturbation is also investigated. It is shown that the tachyonic states are abse…
In this paper, we study the localization of Kalb-Ramond (KR) tensorial gauge field on a non-flat de Sitter thick brane. The localization and resonance of KR gauge field are discussed for three kinds of couplings. For the first coupling there is no localized tensorial zero mode. For the other two couplings, the zero mode of KR field can be localized under certain condition. There are resonant KK modes on the thick brane for the third case. Furthermore, we mainly analyze the effects of three parameters on the localization and resonant mode for KR field.
We present a numerical solution for a topologically flat 2-dimensional thick brane on a higher dimensional, spherically symmetric black hole background. Present solution is the last, missing part of the complete set of solutions for the thickness corrected brane-black hole problem in arbitrary number of dimensions. We show that the 2-dimensional case is special compared to all the higher dimensional solutions in the topologically Minkowskian family as being non-analytic at the axis of the system. We provide the numerical solution in the near horizon region and make a comparison with the infini…
In the model of a gravitating system with two scalar fields (one of which is phantom), two new types of regular solutions are found: mechanism for compactification of an extra dimension and a flat thick brane solution. It is shown that the first model has solutions oscillating over the extra coordinate and giving a finite radius of compactification of the fifth dimension and the second model is a flat thick brane embedded in the 5D Minkowski spacetime. Geometry of both models corresponds to a five-dimensional Minkowski space-time. Consideration of linear perturbations shows stability of the ob…
A thick Z_2-symmetric domain wall supported by a scalar field with an arbitrary potential V(ϕ) in 5D general relativity is considered as a candidate brane world. We show that, under the global regularity requirement, such a configuration (i) has always an AdS asymptotic far from the brane, (ii) is only possible if V(ϕ) has an alternating sign and (iii) V(ϕ) satisfies a certain fine-tuning type equality. The thin brane limit is well defined and conforms to the Randall-Sundrum (RS2) brane world model if the asymptotic value of V(ϕ) (related to Λ, the effective cosmological constant) is kept thic…
We consider static, axisymmetric, thick brane solutions on higher dimensional, spherically symmetric black hole backgrounds. It was found recently [1], that in cases when the thick brane has more than 2 spacelike dimensions, perturbative approaches break down around the corresponding thin solutions for Minkowski type topologies. This behavior is a consequence of the fact that thin solutions are not smooth at the axis, and for a general discussion of possible phase transitions in the system, one needs to use a non-perturbative approach. In the present paper we provide an exact, numerical soluti…
In this work, we investigate a new warped five-dimensional, Z2-symmetric thick brane solution in the presence of a real scalar field. We examine the different geometric aspects of the model. We discuss the stability of the solution under gravitational fluctuations and study both the graviton ground state and the continuum of Kaluza-Klein modes to find a correction to Newtons law. Then, we study the quantum version of the model by deriving the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and looking for the corresponding solution. Finally, the cosmology of the brane is studied.
Vacuum plane symmetric solutions within $αR^n$ modified gravity are obtained. The solutions can be regarded as describing thick branes with codimension 1 in a higher-dimensional spacetime. The dependence of the solutions on the values of four free parameters of the system under consideration is studied numerically. It is shown that when the parameter $α$ increases, the solutions tend to saturation. We also show that in all cases under consideration the spacetime is asymptotically anti-de Sitter one.
This work deals with $f(R)$ modified gravity in five dimensional space-time. The Gaussian thick brane is shown to be an exact solution in the frame work of $f(R)$ gravity in five dimensions with a bulk cosmological constant. Response of the brane to gravitational fluctuations and concordance with the Starobinsky model is addressed. It is shown that the matter which supports the Starobinsky $f(R)$ solution with the background geometry being flat FLRW with a Gaussian warp function, behaves like a radiation dominated era of universe, gradually changing to a dark energy dominated era.
We consider the motion of test particles in a thick brane version of Randall-Sundrum type II model. It is known that gravity alone cannot explain the confinement of test particles in this kind of brane. In this paper we show that a stable confinement in a domain wall is possible by admitting a direct interaction between test particles and a scalar field. This interaction is implemented by a modification of the Lagrangian of the particle which is inspired by a Yukawa-type interaction between fermions and scalar fields.
Horndeski theory is the most general scalar-tensor theory retaining second-order field equations, although the action includes higher-order terms. This is achieved by a special choice of coupling constants. In this paper, we investigate thick brane system in reduced Horndeski theory, especially the effect of the non-minimal derivative coupling on thick brane. First, the equations of motion are presented and a set of analytic background solutions are obtained. Then, to investigate the stability of the background scalar profile, we present a novel canonically normalized method, and show that alt…
Classical tests of General Relativity in braneworld scenarios have been investigated recently with the purpose of posing observational constraints on parameters of some models of infinitely thin brane. Here we consider the motion of test particles in a thick brane scenario that corresponds to a regularized version of the Garriga-Tanaka solution, which describes a black hole solution in RSII model, in the weak field regime. By adapting a mechanism previously formulated in order to describe the confinement of massive tests particles in a domain wall (that simulates classically the trapping of th…
In this paper, we are considering two first order corrections to both gravity and gauge sides of the Einstein-Maxwell gravity: Gauss-Bonnet gravity and quadratic Maxwell invariant as corrections. We obtain horizonless magnetic solutions by implying a metric which representing a topological defect. We analyze the geometric properties of the solutions and investigate the effects of both corrections, and find that these solutions may be interpreted as the magnetic branes. We study the singularity condition and find a nonsingular spacetime with a conical geometry. We also investigate the effects o…
The thick brane model supported by a nonlinear spinor field is constructed. The different cases with the various values of the cosmological constant $Λ(< = >) 0$ are investigated. It is shown that regular analytical spinor thick brane solutions with asymptotically Minkowski (at $Λ=0$) or anti-de Sitter spacetimes (at $Λ<0$) do exist.
We analyze the background cosmology for an extension of the DGP gravity with Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk and $f(R)$ gravity on the brane. We investigate implications of this setup on the late-time cosmic history. Within a dynamical system approach, we study cosmological dynamics of this setup focusing on the role played by curvature effects. Finally we constraint the parameters of the model by confrontation with recent observational data.
In this work, we study 5-dimensional braneworld scenarios in the scalar-tensor representation of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravitational theory. We start by considering a model for a brane supported purely by the gravitational scalar fields of the theory and then consider other distinct cases where the models are also supported by an additional matter scalar field. We investigate the stability of the gravity sector and show that the models are all robust against small fluctuations of the metric. In particular, in the presence of the additional scalar field, we find that the profil…
We study a codimension 2 braneworld in the Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We carefully examine the structure of possible singularities in the system which characterize the braneworld through matching conditions. Consequently, we find that the thickness of the brane can be incorporated as the distributional source, which we dub quasi-thickness. On the basis of our formalism, we analyze the linearized gravity and show the conventional Einstein gravity can be recovered on the brane. In the nonlinear regime, however, we find corrections due to the thickness and the bulk geometry. We also point out…
We develop the general formalism to study the low energy regime of the brane world. We apply our formalism to the single brane model where the AdS/CFT correspondence will take an important role. We also consider the two-brane system and show the system is described by the quasi-scalar tensor gravity. Our result provides a basis for predicting CMB fluctuations in the braneworld models.
In this review, we give a brief introduction on the aspects of some extra dimension models and the five-dimensional thick brane models in extended theories of gravity. First, we briefly introduce the Kaluza-Klein theory, the domain wall model, the large extra dimension model, and the warped extra dimension models. Then some thick brane solutions in extended theories of gravity are reviewed. Finally, localization of bulk matter fields on thick branes is discussed.
In this paper, thick branes generated by mimetic scalar field are investigated. Three typical thick brane models are constructed and the linear tensor and scalar perturbations are analyzed. These branes have different inner structures, some of which are absent in general relativity. For each brane model, the solution is stable under both tensor and scalar perturbations. The tensor zero modes are localized on the branes, while the scalar perturbations do not propagate and they are not localized on the brane. As the branes split into multi sub-branes for specific parameters, the potentials of th…
It is shown that two gravitating scalar fields may form a thick brane in 5D spacetime. The necessary condition for the existence of such a regular solution is that the scalar fields potential must have local and global minima.
In this paper, we investigate the localization of a five-dimensional vector field on a pure geometrical thick brane. In previous work, it was shown that a free massless vector field cannot be localized on such thick brane. Hence we introduce the interaction between the vector field and the background scalar field. Two types of couplings are constructed as examples. We get a typical volcano potential for the first type of coupling and a finite square-well-like potential for the second one. Both of the two types of couplings ensure that the vector zero mode can be localized on the pure geometric…
In this paper, we study the structure and gravitational resonances of thick branes generated by a mimetic scalar field in $f(R)$ gravity. We obtain several typical thick brane solutions for $f(R)=R+αR^2$. To study their stability, we analyze the tensor perturbation of the metric. It is shown that any thick brane model with $df/dR>0$ is stable and the graviton zero mode can be localized on the brane for each solution, which indicates that the four-dimensional Newtonian gravity can be restored. The effect of the parameter $α$ on the gravitational resonances is studied. As a brane splits into mul…
This work deals with the presence of thick branes in a model with two source scalar fields that interact with one another in a very specific way. The model is new, capable of generating kinklike configurations that engender important modifications in the energy density of the system, inducing the presence of symmetric and asymmetric structures inside the brane.
Thickness corrections to static, axisymmetric Dirac-Nambu-Goto branes embedded into spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes with arbitrary number of dimensions are studied. First, by applying a perturbative approximation, it is found that the thick solutions deviate significantly in their analytic properties from the thin ones near the axis of the system, and perturbative approaches around the thin configurations can not provide regular thick solutions above a certain dimension. For the general case, a non-perturbative, numerical approach is applied and regular solutions are obtained for a…
We discuss the backreaction of a massless, minimally coupled, quantized scalar field on a thick, two-dimensional de Sitter (dS) brane as an extension of our previous work. We show that a finite brane thickness naturally regularizes the backreaction on the brane. The quantum backreaction exhibits a quadratic divergence in the thin wall limit. We also give a theoretical bound on the brane thickness, in terms of the brane self-consistency of the quantum corrected Einstein equation, namely the requirement that the size of the backreaction should be smaller than that of the background stress-energy…
We consider a thick brane model supported by two interacting scalar fields in 7D and 8D general relativity. Using the special type of a potential energy, we obtain numerically the regular asymptotically flat vacuum solutions. A possibility of obtaining the similar solutions for an arbitrary number of the extra spatial dimensions is estimated.
We study the linearization of a class of thick K-branes, namely, four-dimensional domain walls generated by a scalar field with particular nonstandard kinetic terms. The master equations for linear perturbations are derived from the point of view of both dynamical equations and quadratic action. The spectra of the canonical normal modes are studied using supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Our results indicate that the scalar perturbation is nonlocalizable in general. Conditions for stable $K$-branes are also found.
In this letter, we first investigate the gravity localization and mass spectrum of gravity KK modes on de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter thick branes. Then, the effective Newtonian gravitational potentials for these bent branes are discussed by the two typical examples. The corrections of the Newtonian potential turns out to be $ΔU(r)\sim 1/r^{2}$ at small $r$ for both cases. These corrections are very different from that of the Randall-Sundrum brane model $ΔU(r)\sim 1/r^{3}$.
Generalized Friedmann equations governing the cosmological evolution inside a thick brane embedded in a five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime are derived. These equations are written in terms of four-dimensional effective brane quantities obtained by integrating, along the fifth dimension, over the brane thickness. In the case of a Randall-Sundrum type cosmology, different limits of these effective quantities are considered yielding cosmological equations which interpolate between the thin brane limit (governed by unconventional brane cosmology), and the opposite limit of an ``infinite'' b…
We study brane worlds in an anisotropic higher-dimensional spacetime within the context of $f(R)$ gravity. Firstly, we demonstrate that this spacetime with a concrete metric ansatz is stable against linear tensor perturbations under certain conditions. Moreover, the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton are analyzed. Secondly, we investigate thick brane solutions in six dimensions and their properties. We further exhibit two sets of solutions for thick branes. At last, the effective potential of the Kaluza-Klein modes of the graviton is discussed for the two solved $f(R)$ models in higher dimensi…
We investigate quantum fluctuations on a de Sitter (dS) brane, which has its own thickness, in order to examine whether or not the finite thickness of the brane can act as a natural cut-off for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) spectrum. We calculate the amplitude of the KK modes and the bound state by using the zeta function method after a dimensional reduction.We show that the KK amplitude is finite for a given brane thickness and in the thin wall limit the standard surface divergent behavior is recovered. The strength of the divergence in the thin wall limit depends on the number of dimensions, e.g., l…
We present thick de Sitter brane solutions which are supported by two interacting {\it phantom} scalar fields in five-, six- and seven-dimensional spacetime. It is shown that for all cases regular solutions with anti-de Sitter asymptotic (5D problem) and a flat asymptotic far from the brane (6D and 7D cases) exist. We also discuss the stability of our solutions.
We study two exactly solvable five-dimensional thick brane world models in pure metric $f(R)$ gravity. Working in the Einstein frame, we show that these solutions are stable against small linear perturbations, including the tensor, vector, and scalar modes. For both models, the corresponding gravitational zero mode is localized on the brane, which leads to the four-dimensional Newton's law; while the massive modes are nonlocalized and only contribute a small correction to the Newton's law at a large distance.
In this paper we apply the five-dimensional $f(T)$ gravity with $f(T)=T+k T^n$ to brane scenario to explore the solutions under a given warp factor, and we find that the analytic domain wall solution will be a double-kink solution when the geometric effect of spacetime torsion is strongly enhanced. We also investigate the localization of fermion fields on the split branes corresponding to the double-kink solution.
In this paper, we investigate thick branes with a nonminimally coupled background scalar field, whose solution is a single-kink or a double-kink. The effects of the nonminimal coupling constant $ξ$ on the structure of the thick branes and the localization of gravity, fermions, scalars and vectors are discussed. It is shown that each brane will split into two sub-branes as increasing the nonminimal coupling constant $ξ$. By investigating the tensor perturbation equations of gravity and the general covariant Dirac equation of fermions, we find that both the gravity zero mode and left-chiral ferm…
In this work we study braneworlds generated by several scalar fields. The investigation describes the necessary formalism to examine models and evaluate the conditions for the stability of the gravitational sector under linear perturbations. In particular, we develop a mechanism that help us investigate distinct situations controlled by two and by three fields, focusing on how the fields can be used to modify the internal structure of the brane.
