We study the orbits of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the combined presence of the Milky Way and LMC and we find 6 dwarfs which were likely accreted with the LMC (Car 2, Car 3, Hor 1, Hyi 1, Phe 2, Ret 2), in addition to the SMC, representing strong evidence of dwarf galaxy group infall. This procedure depends on the gravitational pull of the LMC, thus allowing us to place a lower bound on the Cloud's mass of $M_{\rm LMC} > 1.24\times10^{11} M_\odot$. This mass estimate is validated by applying the technique to a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy with an LMC analogue where we find that while this lower bound may be overestimated, it will improve in the future with smaller observational errors. We apply this technique to dwarf galaxies lacking radial velocities and find that Eri 3 has a broad range of radial velocities for which it has a significant chance ($> 0.4$) of having being bound to the Cloud. We study the non-Magellanic classical satellites and find that Fornax has an appreciable probability of being an LMC satellite if the LMC is sufficiently massive. In addition, we explore how the orbits of the Milky Way satellites change in the presence of the LMC and find a significant change for several objects. Finally, we find that the LMC satellites are slightly smaller than the Milky Way satellites at a fixed luminosity, possibly due to the different tidal environments they have experienced.
The effects of LMC-mass environments on their dwarf satellite galaxies in the FIRE simulations
描述像大麦云(LMC)这样的矮星系的预测环境变得越来越重要,因为下一代的调查将灵敏度限制在宇宙学距离的低质量区域。我们研究的环境影响的LMC质量晕($M_{200m} \sim 10^{11}$ M $_\odot$)对他们的人口的卫星($M_\star \geq 10^4$ M $_\odot$)使用一套放大模拟在现实环境中的反馈(FIRE)项目。我们的模拟预测显著的热电晕与$T\sim10^5$ K和$M_\text{gas}\sim10^{9.5}$ M $_\odot$。我们确定了矮卫星星系,特别是中等质量的卫星($M_\star = 10^{6-7}$ M $_\odot$)的环境淬火的签名。这些天体的气体含量表明,冲压压力可能是淬火机制,有时还得到恒星形成反馈的帮助。LMC质量宿主的卫星重复了MW质量宿主卫星中发现的静止分数的恒星质量依赖性(即静止分数随着恒星质量的减小而增加)。与附近中心的强烈双峰猝灭时间分布相比,LMC-质量宿主的Saxons具有更广泛的猝灭时间。最后,我们确定了显着的潮汐恒星结构周围的四个我们的六个LMC类似物,这表明恒星流可能是常见的。这些潮汐特征起源于近轨道的卫星,延伸到距离中央星系80 kpc的$\sim$,包含$\sim10^{6-7}$ M $_\odot$ ~的恒星。
The Merian Survey: A Statistical Census of Bright Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey(新泽西州立罗格斯大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学)
The Isaac Newton Telescope Monitoring Survey of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies-VIII. A Census of Long-Period Variable Stars across the Andromeda Dwarf Satellite System
Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences(孔科利天文台,HUN-REN 地球与天文学研究中心);School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)(基础科学研究所天文学院);Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University(基尔大学伦纳德-琼斯实验室);Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University(开放大学物理科学系);School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学物理与天文学院);Iranian National Observatory, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)(伊朗国家天文台,基础科学研究所)
The Merian Survey: A Statistical Census of Bright Satellites of Sub-Milky Way-Mass Galaxies
Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Stanford University(斯坦福大学);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);Amherst College(阿默斯特学院);Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey(新泽西州立罗格斯大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学)
A Chemodynamical Census of the Milky Way's Ultra-Faint Compact Satellites. I. A First Population-Level Look at the Internal Kinematics and Metallicities of 19 Extremely-Low-Mass Halo Stellar Systems
Yale University(耶鲁大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics(邓普勒天文学与天体物理学研究所);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学机构);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics(卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(费米国家加速器实验室)
A relic from a past merger event in the Large Magellanic Cloud
根据标准的宇宙学假设,我们今天观测到的大星系通过与较小的卫星星系合并达到了它们目前的质量(Moore et al.1999)。对于卫星本身来说,这种分层过程预计将在较小的规模上发生,这应该是从较小的构建块的吸积中建立起来的(D 'Onghia & Lake 2008)。检验这一预测的最好机会是观测银河系中质量最大的卫星:大麦云云(LMC)。较小的星系已经被发现围绕LMC运行(Erkal & Belokurov 2020,Patel et al. 2020),但到目前为止,相互作用的唯一证据与附近的小麦哲伦云(SMC)的轨道相互作用有关,这是最大的LMC卫星。在这项工作中,我们报告了可能发现过去的合并事件,LMC经历了一个星系的恒星形成效率低,可能有一个恒星质量类似的矮球状星系。这颗前大麦哲伦星系卫星现在已经完全溶解,旧的球状星团(GC)NGC 2005作为其碎片的一部分沉积下来。这个GC是这个古老合并事件的唯一幸存的见证者,通过其独特的化学成分可以识别。这一发现是观测证据,表明层次组装过程也在塑造我们最近的卫星。
Orbits of massive satellite galaxies: II. Bayesian Estimates of the Milky Way and Andromeda masses using high precision astrometry and cosmological simulations
Identifying Dwarfs of MC Analog GalaxiEs (ID-MAGE): The Search for Satellites Around Low-Mass Hosts
Dartmouth College(达特茅斯学院);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Tampa(坦帕大学);University of Surrey(萨里大学)
Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Milky Way Satellites Boötes V and Leo Minor I and the LMC Satellite DELVE 2: Three Small Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
Yale University(耶鲁大学);Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学研究所);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(费米国家加速器实验室)
通过多目标光谱观测,证认 Boötes V、Leo Minor I 和 DELVE 2 为超暗弱矮星系,并首次确认 DELVE 2 为 LMC 的长期束缚卫星,提出基于半光半径和表面亮度的分类判据。
DELVE Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Census I: Satellite Population and Survey Selection Function in DES, DELVE, and Pan-STARRS
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理研究所);Department of Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学物理系);NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)(美国国家科学基金会-西蒙斯天空人工智能研究所);Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(费米国家加速器实验室);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天文与天体物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学天文学系);Department of Astronomy, Yale University(耶鲁大学天文学系)
研究通过分析DES、DELVE和Pan-STARRS三个巡天数据集,量化 Milky Way 卫星星系的探测效率,确定其亮度函数、径向分布和大小-亮度关系,并发现观测选择效应对卫星人口的影响。
Dynamics of the Magellanic Clouds in a LCDM Universe
我们研究银河系麦哲伦云系统选择千禧年-II模拟,以放置在宇宙学背景下的麦哲伦云的轨道。我们的分析表明,卫星质量足够大的LMC类似物通常是在后期吸积。此外,那些在早期吸积并存活到现在的轨道特性与大麦哲伦星系观测到的轨道特性不一致。大麦哲伦星系的高速度,加上模拟中看到的未束缚轨道的缺乏,表明MW的晕的质量不太可能小于2 x 10^12 Msun。这一结论进一步支持统计的晕托管卫星的质量,速度和分离的LMC。我们进一步表明:(1)在MW质量晕中,LMC和SMC质量的天体并不特别罕见;(2)LMC明显的高角动量在宇宙学上并不罕见;(3)在z=0时,MW晕中很少有LMC-SMC双星系统,但在较晚的时候,高速双星对是可能的。基于这些结果,我们得出结论,LMC吸积在过去的四个Gyr,目前正在进行其第一次pericentric通过MW。
Discovery of the First Five Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the LMC
University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)(NSF-Simons 天空人工智能研究所(SkAI));Monash University(莫纳什大学);Flatiron Institute(平坦研究所);Montana State University(蒙大拿州立大学);University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);Universidad Católica del Norte(北方天主教大学)
Reconstructing the orbits of Milky Way dwarf galaxies: A Large Magellanic Cloud perspective
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所,西班牙高等科学理事会);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Center for Astrophysical Sciences, The William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学天体物理学中心威廉·H·米勒三世物理与天文系);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉帕鲁纳大学天体物理系);Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天文学中心);Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学天体物理研究所);David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学大卫·A·邓普克天文与天体物理系);AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute(欧洲空间局(ESA)AURA机构太空望远镜科学研究所);Department of Astronomy, Univer(天文学系)