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arXiv 1703.05321astro-ph.GA
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预测的围绕SMC和LMC质量星系的发光卫星群--围绕LMC的卫星缺失问题?

The predicted luminous satellite populations around SMC and LMC-mass galaxies - A missing satellite problem around the LMC?

Gregory A. Dooley, Annika H. G. Peter, Jeffrey L. Carlin, Anna Frebel, Keith Bechtol, Beth Willman

摘要:

最近在小麦哲伦云和大麦哲伦云(SMC和LMC)方向上发现了许多矮卫星星系,这引发了人们对它们起源的疑问,以及它们可以揭示星系演化理论。在这里,我们预测的麦哲伦云质量的宿主星系的卫星恒星质量函数的丰度匹配和再电离模型应用到\textit{Caterpillar}模拟。特别是集中在$50$ ~kpc的大麦哲伦星系的体积,我们预测平均4-8颗卫星与恒星质量的$M_* > 10^4\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$,3-4颗卫星与$80 < M_* \leq 3000\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$。令人惊讶的是,所有$12$目前已知的卫星候选者都有$80 < M_* \leq 3000\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$的恒星质量。解决大型卫星的缺乏和小型卫星的大量存在是一项挑战,可能需要对\mstarmhalo关系进行重大修改(陡峭,但在$10^3\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$处突然变平),对本星系群进行后期再电离(首选$z_{\rm{reion}} \lesssim 9$)和/或强潮汐剥离。我们可以更有力地预测,$\sim 53\%$的卫星在这个体积内与LMC和SMC吸积在一起,$\sim 47\%$是唯一的银河系卫星。观测孤立的大麦哲伦星系大小的场星系的卫星对于将大麦哲伦星系置于背景中以及更好地约束\mstarmhalo关系是至关重要的。在$8$ Mpc中模拟已知的LMC大小的星系,我们预测每个维里体积内有1-6(2-12)颗$M_* > 10^5\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$($M_* > 10^4\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$)卫星,在单个$1.5^{\circ}$直径视场内有1-3(1-7)颗卫星,使它们的发现成为可能。

英文摘要:

Recent discovery of many dwarf satellite galaxies in the direction of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds (SMC and LMC) provokes questions of their origins, and what they can reveal about galaxy evolution theory. Here, we predict the satellite stellar mass function of Magellanic Cloud-mass host galaxies using abundance matching and reionization models applied to the \textit{Caterpillar} simulations. Specifically focusing on the volume within $50$~kpc of the LMC, we predict a mean of 4-8 satellites with stellar mass $M_* > 10^4\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$, and 3-4 satellites with $80 < M_* \leq 3000\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$. Surprisingly, all $12$ currently known satellite candidates have stellar masses of $80 < M_* \leq 3000\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$. Reconciling the dearth of large satellites and profusion of small satellites is challenging and may require a combination of a major modification of the \mstarmhalo relationship (steep, but with an abrupt flattening at $10^3\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$), late reionization for the Local Group ($z_{\rm{reion}} \lesssim 9$ preferred), and/or strong tidal stripping. We can more robustly predict that $\sim 53\%$ of satellites within this volume were accreted together with the LMC and SMC, and $\sim 47\%$ were only ever Milky Way satellites. Observing satellites of isolated LMC-sized field galaxies is essential to placing the LMC in context, and to better constrain the \mstarmhalo relationship. Modeling known LMC-sized galaxies within $8$ Mpc, we predict 1-6 (2-12) satellites with $M_* > 10^5\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$ ($M_* > 10^4\, \mathrm{M_\odot}$) within the virial volume of each, and 1-3 (1-7) within a single $1.5^{\circ}$ diameter field of view, making their discovery likely.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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