发表机构
University of Arizona; University of Virginia（亚利桑那大学; 弗吉尼亚大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本综述总结LMC和SMC的轨道历史研究，指出它们为银河系新近卫星，需在演化势场中积分轨道，并需N体模拟以理解其相互作用和结构。
AI 中文摘要
本综述总结了不断变化的观测和理论图景，这些进展推动了我们对银河系最庞大卫星星系——大麦哲伦星云（LMC）和小麦哲伦星云（SMC）——轨道历史理解的快速发展。对这两个星云及其周围环境的高精度质心自行测量，结合宇宙学模拟对暗物质晕结构的新认识，表明这两个星云是银河系卫星系统中新近加入的成员，其中LMC在进入时质量足够大，以致对银河系的暗物质晕产生了扭曲，并携带了其自身的卫星星系。因此，为了深入了解这两个星云的轨道历史，有必要在随时间演化的银河系和LMC势场中积分轨道。自行测量进一步表明，LMC和SMC最近发生过一次强烈相遇。这留下了该相遇对其内部结构的影响，以及它们的恒星、中性氢和暗物质中心之间对应程度的问题。动力学中心的选择反过来影响质心自行；这是最大的观测未知数，即使在高精度的盖亚（Gaia）时代也是如此。考虑到SMC预期的质量损失、它在LMC晕中引起的扭曲，以及最近的LMC-SMC近距离相遇，理解绕LMC（包括SMC）运行的天体轨道并解释这两个星云的观测数据，需要受其当前结构和运动学约束的完整N体模拟。
英文摘要
This review summarizes the changing observational and theoretical landscape that has led to rapid developments in our understanding of the orbital history of the Milky Way's most massive satellite galaxies, the LMC and SMC. The determination of high precision center-of-mass proper motions for the Clouds and their environs, coupled with new insights into the structure of dark matter halos from cosmological simulations, indicates that the Clouds are recent additions to the Milky Way's satellite system, where the LMC was sufficiently massive at infall to induce distortions in the Milky Way's dark matter halo, and bring in satellites of its own. To gain insights into the orbital history of the Clouds it is, therefore, necessary to integrate orbits in a time evolving Milky Way and LMC potential. The proper motion measurements further indicate that the LMC and SMC have had a recent strong encounter with each other. This leaves open the impact of this encounter on their internal structures, and the degree of correspondence between their stellar, HI and dark matter centers. The choice of kinematic center in turn affects the center of mass proper motions; this is the biggest observational unknown, even in the high precision Gaia era. Given the expected mass loss of the SMC, the distortions it induces in the LMC halo, and the recent LMC-SMC close encounter, understanding the orbits of objects about the LMC (including the SMC) and interpreting observational data of the Clouds requires full N-body simulations that are constrained by their present-day structure and kinematics.
Comments105 pages without references
Journal refAstron Astrophys Rev 34, 6 (2026)
DOI：10.1007/s00159-026-00170-1
