arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1907.09101cs.LOcs.MA
收藏

什么时候内省公理对多智能体认知推理有影响?

When Do Introspection Axioms Matter for Multi-Agent Epistemic Reasoning?

Yifeng Ding, Wesley H. Holliday, Cedegao Zhang

摘要:

哲学中的认知逻辑的早期文献集中于对单个主体的知识或信念的推理,特别是关于“内省公理”(如第4和第5公理)的争论。相比之下,后来的计算机科学和博弈论中的认知逻辑文献主要关注多智能体认知推理,单智能体4和5公理在很大程度上被认为是理所当然的。在相关的多智能体场景中,推理智能体A相信什么、智能体B相信什么、智能体A相信什么通常很重要;但仅仅推理智能体A相信什么、智能体A相信什么很少重要。这就提出了一个问题,即单智能体内省公理对多智能体认知推理的影响程度。在本文中,我们形式化和回答这个问题。为了形式化这个问题,我们首先定义了一组多智能体公式,我们称之为智能体交替公式,包括Box_a Box_b Box_a p这样的公式,但不包括Box_a Box_a p这样的公式。然后添加4和5公理(或添加B公理)不允许导出任何新的代理交替公式-在这个意义上,内省公理无关紧要。相比之下,我们表明,这样的保守性结果失败的知识和多代理KT,虽然他们持有相对于一个较小的一类代理nonrepeating公式。

英文摘要:

The early literature on epistemic logic in philosophy focused on reasoning about the knowledge or belief of a single agent, especially on controversies about "introspection axioms" such as the 4 and 5 axioms. By contrast, the later literature on epistemic logic in computer science and game theory has focused on multi-agent epistemic reasoning, with the single-agent 4 and 5 axioms largely taken for granted. In the relevant multi-agent scenarios, it is often important to reason about what agent A believes about what agent B believes about what agent A believes; but it is rarely important to reason just about what agent A believes about what agent A believes. This raises the question of the extent to which single-agent introspection axioms actually matter for multi-agent epistemic reasoning. In this paper, we formalize and answer this question. To formalize the question, we first define a set of multi-agent formulas that we call agent-alternating formulas, including formulas like Box_a Box_b Box_a p but not formulas like Box_a Box_a p. We then prove, for the case of belief, that if one starts with multi-agent K or KD, then adding both the 4 and 5 axioms (or adding the B axiom) does not allow the derivation of any new agent-alternating formulas -- in this sense, introspection axioms do not matter. By contrast, we show that such conservativity results fail for knowledge and multi-agent KT, though they hold with respect to a smaller class of agent-nonrepeating formulas.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑