arXiv 1907.078922019-07-18cs.CY

全球AI伦理学：人工智能的社会影响和伦理含义

Global AI Ethics: A Review of the Social Impacts and Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence

Alexa Hagerty, Igor Rubinov

摘要：

人工智能的伦理含义和社会影响已经成为工业界、学术界研究人员和公众感兴趣的话题。然而，目前在全球范围内对人工智能的分析偏向于美国的观点，而且由于缺乏研究，特别是在美国和西欧以外的地区，本文总结了最近社会科学奖学金对人工智能和相关技术在全球五个地区的社会影响的文献综述的主要发现。我们的社会科学研究团队审查了800多篇学术期刊文章和专著，涉及十几种语言。我们对文献的回顾表明，人工智能可能会根据地理环境产生明显不同的社会影响。同样，对人工智能的看法和理解可能会受到当地文化和社会背景的深刻影响。最近在美国的研究表明，人工智能驱动的技术有一种加深社会鸿沟和加剧社会不平等的模式，特别是在历史上被边缘化的群体中。我们的文献回顾表明，这种模式在全球范围内存在，并表明低收入和中等收入国家可能更容易受到人工智能的负面社会影响，并且不太可能从随之而来的收益中受益。我们呼吁进行严格的人种学研究，以更好地了解人工智能在世界各地的社会影响。全球实地研究对于识别可能放大社会不平等的人工智能系统以减轻潜在危害尤为重要。深入了解人工智能在不同社会环境中的社会影响是开发、实施和监测负责任和有益的人工智能技术的必要前提，也是对这些技术进行有意义监管的基础。

英文摘要：

The ethical implications and social impacts of artificial intelligence have become topics of compelling interest to industry, researchers in academia, and the public. However, current analyses of AI in a global context are biased toward perspectives held in the U.S., and limited by a lack of research, especially outside the U.S. and Western Europe. This article summarizes the key findings of a literature review of recent social science scholarship on the social impacts of AI and related technologies in five global regions. Our team of social science researchers reviewed more than 800 academic journal articles and monographs in over a dozen languages. Our review of the literature suggests that AI is likely to have markedly different social impacts depending on geographical setting. Likewise, perceptions and understandings of AI are likely to be profoundly shaped by local cultural and social context. Recent research in U.S. settings demonstrates that AI-driven technologies have a pattern of entrenching social divides and exacerbating social inequality, particularly among historically-marginalized groups. Our literature review indicates that this pattern exists on a global scale, and suggests that low- and middle-income countries may be more vulnerable to the negative social impacts of AI and less likely to benefit from the attendant gains. We call for rigorous ethnographic research to better understand the social impacts of AI around the world. Global, on-the-ground research is particularly critical to identify AI systems that may amplify social inequality in order to mitigate potential harms. Deeper understanding of the social impacts of AI in diverse social settings is a necessary precursor to the development, implementation, and monitoring of responsible and beneficial AI technologies, and forms the basis for meaningful regulation of these technologies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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