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arXiv 1907.04879gr-qc
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用显式计算的彭罗斯图理解黑洞蒸发

Understanding black hole evaporation using explicitly computed Penrose diagrams

Joseph C Schindler, Anthony Aguirre, Amita Kuttner

摘要:

对黑洞的形成和蒸发的经典模型绘制了解释性的计算彭罗斯图,在该模型中,黑洞是由下落的物质球壳吸积而形成的,随后通过发射霍金辐射的球壳而蒸发。这个模型是基于已知的半经典效应,但不是半经典引力的完全解。该方法允许任意内部度量的形式$ds^2=-f(r)\,dt^2+f(r)^{-1}\,dr^2+r^2\,dΩ^2$,包括奇异和非奇异模型。通过在图中明确绘制适当的密度,以及跟踪捕获表面和能量条件违规的位置,可以可视化物质动力学。最具说明性的模型精确地近似了黑洞热蒸发的标准时间演化,通过对图的检查,分析了它的时间依赖性和因果结构。由此产生的见解与一些常见的直觉和假设相矛盾,我们指出了文献中的一些例子,这些例子的假设在这个更详细的模型中不成立。基于新的图表,我们认为霍金辐射过程的理解,提出了一个替代的定义“黑洞“的蒸发存在,并提出了一些关于信息保存和幺正性的影响。

英文摘要:

Explicitly computed Penrose diagrams are plotted for a classical model of black hole formation and evaporation, in which black holes form by the accretion of infalling spherical shells of matter and subsequently evaporate by emitting spherical shells of Hawking radiation. This model is based on known semiclassical effects, but is not a full solution of semiclassical gravity. The method allows arbitrary interior metrics of the form $ds^2=-f(r)\,dt^2+f(r)^{-1}\,dr^2+r^2\,dΩ^2$, including singular and nonsingular models. Matter dynamics are visualized by explicitly plotting proper density in the diagrams, as well as by tracking the location of trapped surfaces and energy condition violations. The most illustrative model accurately approximates the standard time evolution for black hole thermal evaporation; its time dependence and causal structure are analyzed by inspection of the diagram. The resulting insights contradict some common intuitions and assumptions, and we point out some examples in the literature with assumptions that do not hold up in this more detailed model. Based on the new diagrams, we argue for an improved understanding of the Hawking radiation process, propose an alternate definition of "black hole" in the presence of evaporation, and suggest some implications regarding information preservation and unitarity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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