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arXiv 1601.03447gr-qchep-th
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黑洞么正性与对映纠缠

Black hole unitarity and antipodal entanglement

Gerard 't Hooft

摘要:

从黑洞发射出来的霍金粒子通常被发现有热谱,如果不精确的话,那么通过一个非常好的近似。在这里,我们以不同的方式争论。人们发现,进出物质的球面分波可以由幺正演化算子独立描述,这使得以前不可能研究的时空性质成为可能。幺正性决定了在远处观察者看来,时空在拓扑学上是非平凡的。因此,霍金粒子只是局部热的,而不是全局热的:我们解释了为什么从黑洞的一个半球出现的霍金粒子必须与从另一个半球出现的霍金粒子100%纠缠。这只产生了以幺正方式演化的纯量子态,并为外部观察者移除了内部区域,而它仍然在局部上完全符合广义相对论的定律。统一性是一个起点;没有其他假设。彭罗斯图的区域I和直径相对的区域II代表PT或CPT关系中的对跖点,如前所述。在地平线上,确定了对跖点。一个候选的瞬子被提出来描述这里描述的类型的虚拟黑洞的形成和蒸发。增加了一些重要的解释和讨论要点。在最新的文件中,再次纠正了一些小的不准确之处。

英文摘要:

Hawking particles emitted by a black hole are usually found to have thermal spectra, if not exactly, then by a very good approximation. Here, we argue differently. It was discovered that spherical partial waves of in-going and out-going matter can be described by unitary evolution operators independently, which allows for studies of space-time properties that were not possible before. Unitarity dictates space-time, as seen by a distant observer, to be topologically non-trivial. Consequently, Hawking particles are only locally thermal, but globally not: we explain why Hawking particles emerging from one hemisphere of a black hole must be 100 % entangled with the Hawking particles emerging from the other hemisphere. This produces exclusively pure quantum states evolving in a unitary manner, and removes the interior region for the outside observer, while it still completely agrees locally with the laws of general relativity. Unitarity is a starting point; no other assumptions are made. Region I and the diametrically opposite region II of the Penrose diagram represent antipodal points in a PT or CPT relation, as was suggested before. On the horizon itself, antipodal points are identified. A candidate instanton is proposed to describe the formation and evaporation of virtual black holes of the type described here. Some important explanations and discussion points are added. In the latest of the paper, again some minor inaccuracies are corrected.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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