从粗粒化中分离：重建蒸发黑洞的内部
Ensemble from Coarse Graining: Reconstructing the Interior of an Evaporating Black Hole
摘要：
在理解黑洞的量子物理学时，引力的非微扰方面起着重要的作用。特别是，在非微扰水平上的引力理论的巨大规范冗余，比标准的超纯性要大得多，甚至与不同拓扑的空间相关，允许我们对系统进行不同的描述。虽然物理结论在任何描述中都是相同的，但相同的物理学在基于不同规范选择的描述中可能以截然不同的形式表现出来。在本文中，我们探讨了两个这样的描述，我们称之为整体规范和酉规范结构之间的关系。前者是基于广义相对论的整体时空，在广义相对论中，理解么正性需要包含引力的微妙的非微扰效应。后者是基于黑洞的远景，其中幺正性是明显的，但内部时空的存在是模糊的。这两种描述是互补的。在本文中，我们通过对另一个构式的分析，开始了对一个构式的学习方面的研究。我们发现，在整体规范结构中存在的近空内部时空表现出的最大混沌，快速混乱，和统一规范结构中的视界的普遍动力学。我们使用的互补性的规范的选择来理解的整体性质的引力路径积分在全球时空中的粗粒化和热在一个单一的酉理论，不涉及任何合奏性质的基本水平。我们还讨论了两种结构中内部自由度与外部自由度之间的关系。这种关系最自然地表现为纠缠楔重构和内部的有效理论。
英文摘要：
In understanding the quantum physics of a black hole, nonperturbative aspects of gravity play important roles. In particular, huge gauge redundancies of a gravitational theory at the nonperturbative level, which are much larger than the standard diffeomorphism and relate even spaces with different topologies, allow us to take different descriptions of a system. While the physical conclusions are the same in any description, the same physics may manifest itself in vastly different forms in descriptions based on different gauge choices. In this paper, we explore the relation between two such descriptions, which we refer to as the global gauge and unitary gauge constructions. The former is based on the global spacetime of general relativity, in which understanding unitarity requires the inclusion of subtle nonperturbative effects of gravity. The latter is based on a distant view of the black hole, in which unitarity is manifest but the existence of interior spacetime is obscured. These two descriptions are complementary. In this paper, we initiate the study of learning aspects of one construction through the analysis of the other. We find that the existence of near empty interior spacetime manifest in the global gauge construction is related to the maximally chaotic, fast scrambling, and universal dynamics of the horizon in the unitary gauge construction. We use the complementarity of the gauge choices to understand the ensemble nature of the gravitational path integral in global spacetime in terms of coarse graining and thermality in a single unitary theory that does not involve any ensemble nature at the fundamental level. We also discuss how the interior degrees of freedom are related with those in the exterior in the two constructions. This relation emerges most naturally as entanglement wedge reconstruction and the effective theory of the interior in the respective constructions.
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