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arXiv 1907.04861astro-ph.GA
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束缚星团的最小质量模型及其对银河系环境的依赖

A model for the minimum mass of bound stellar clusters and its dependence on the galactic environment

Sebastian Trujillo-Gomez, Marta Reina-Campos, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

摘要:

我们提出了一个简单的物理模型的最小质量的束缚星团作为银河系环境的函数。该模型评估的一个分层集群的恒星形成区域的部分仍然约束给定的时间尺度的引力坍缩,恒星形成,恒星反馈。我们预测的初始集群质量函数(ICMFs)的各种星系,我们表明,这些预测是一致的观测太阳附近和附近的星系,包括大麦云云和M31。在这些星系中,$\sim10^2~\rm{M}_{\odot}$的最小星团质量是由抽样统计造成的,代表了预期形成大质量(反馈产生)恒星的最低质量。在银河系的中央分子区和M82的核心发现的高气体密度和剪切,该模型预测,质量$>10^2~\rm{M}_{\odot}$必须崩溃成一个单一的集群之前,反馈驱动的分散,导致狭窄的ICMF与升高的特征质量。我们发现,最小集群质量是一个敏感的探针的恒星形成物理由于其陡峭的依赖于每自由落体时间的恒星形成效率。最后,我们提供的预测球状星团(GC)的人口,发现一个狭窄的ICMF矮星系的祖先在高红移,这可以解释的高特定频率的GC在低金属丰度观察到的本群矮星,如天炉座和WLM。预测的高红移星系中的ICMF构成了对模型的关键测试,非常适合下一代望远镜。

英文摘要:

We present a simple physical model for the minimum mass of bound stellar clusters as a function of the galactic environment. The model evaluates which parts of a hierarchically-clustered star-forming region remain bound given the time-scales for gravitational collapse, star formation, and stellar feedback. We predict the initial cluster mass functions (ICMFs) for a variety of galaxies and we show that these predictions are consistent with observations of the solar neighbourhood and nearby galaxies, including the Large Magellanic Cloud and M31. In these galaxies, the low minimum cluster mass of $\sim10^2~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ is caused by sampling statistics, representing the lowest mass at which massive (feedback-generating) stars are expected to form. At the high gas density and shear found in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone and the nucleus of M82, the model predicts that a mass $>10^2~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ must collapse into a single cluster prior to feedback-driven dispersal, resulting in narrow ICMFs with elevated characteristic masses. We find that the minimum cluster mass is a sensitive probe of star formation physics due to its steep dependence on the star formation efficiency per free-fall time. Finally, we provide predictions for globular cluster (GC) populations, finding a narrow ICMF for dwarf galaxy progenitors at high redshift, which can explain the high specific frequency of GCs at low metallicities observed in Local Group dwarfs like Fornax and WLM. The predicted ICMFs in high-redshift galaxies constitute a critical test of the model, ideally-suited for the upcoming generation of telescopes.

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