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arXiv 2003.04318astro-ph.GA
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利用星流测量银盘的物质密度

Measuring the Matter Density of the Galactic Disk Using Stellar Streams

Axel Widmark, Khyati Malhan, Pablo F. de Salas, Sofia Sivertsson

摘要:

我们提出了一种新的方法来确定总物质的表面密度的银河系盘通过分析的动态冷恒星流,通过或接近银河系平面的运动学。该方法依赖于这样一个事实,即这种流星的能量的垂直分量近似恒定,使得它们的垂直位置和垂直速度通过银河系盘的物质密度相互关联。通过测试我们的方法模拟数据恒星流,与现实的相空间色散和盖亚的不确定性,我们表明,它是适用于小流的距离为几千秒差距,和磁盘的表面密度可以确定到6%的精度。这种方法是对其他质量测量的补充。特别是,它不依赖于银河系圆盘中恒星的任何平衡假设,并且还可以在距离太阳很远的地方测量表面密度。这样的测量将告诉我们银河系盘的物质组成及其空间变化,对暗盘子结构施加更强的约束,甚至诊断可能的非平衡效应,这些效应会使其他类型的动态质量测量产生偏差。

英文摘要:

We present a novel method for determining the total matter surface density of the Galactic disk by analysing the kinematics of a dynamically cold stellar stream that passes through or close to the Galactic plane. The method relies on the fact that the vertical component of energy for such stream stars is approximately constant, such that their vertical positions and vertical velocities are interrelated via the matter density of the Galactic disk. By testing our method on mock data stellar streams, with realistic phase-space dispersions and Gaia uncertainties, we demonstrate that it is applicable to small streams out to a distance of a few kilo-parsec, and that the surface density of the disk can be determined to a precision of 6 %. This method is complementary to other mass measurements. In particular, it does not rely on any equilibrium assumption for stars in the Galactic disk, and also makes it possible to measure the surface density to good precision at large distances from the Sun. Such measurements would inform us of the matter composition of the Galactic disk and its spatial variation, place stronger constraints on dark disk sub-structure, and even diagnose possible non-equilibrium effects that bias other types of dynamical mass measurements.

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