Bulat N. Khabibullin, Enzhe Menshikova
In our articles of recent years, the technique of gluing two subharmonic functions turned out to be very useful in studying the distribution of the roots or masses of holomorphic or subharmonic functions, respectively. Here we develop and improve this technique. Its applications will be given in our further works.
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We develop and use some key concepts of potential theory, such as balayage and duality between measures and their potentials, to study the distribution of masses of subharmonic functions while restrictions to their growth near the boundary of their domain of definition. They are formulated and proved in terms of the Riesz measure for a subharmonic function. In this article, applications to holomorphic functions concern the distribution of their zero sets under restrictions to growth of this functions. Auxiliary results of our article may also be of independent interest. This is, first of all, …
It is shown that harmonic functions on some subsets, subharmonic and coinciding everywhere outside of these sets, actually coincide everywhere.
We establish a general uniqueness theorem for subharmonic functions of several variables on a domain. A corollary from this uniqueness theorem for holomorphic functions is formulated in terms of the zero subset of holomorphic functions and restrictions on the growth of functions near the boundary of domain.
We observe that a recent result by Gardiner and Sjödin, solving a problem of Král on subharmonic functions, can be easily generalized to yield a somewhat stronger result. This can be combined with a viscosity technique of ours, which we slightly improve, to obtain Radó- type theorems for plurisubharmonic functions. Finally, we study the Borel complexity of the critical set and the set where the gradient does not exist finitely of subharmonic functions and general real valued functions.
In this article, we prove an extension of the mean value theorem and a comparison theorem for subharmonic functions. These theorems are used to answer the question whether we can conclude that two subharmonic functions which agree almost everywhere on a surface with respect to the surface measure must coincide everywhere on that surface. We prove that this question has a positive answer in the case of hypersurfaces, and we also provide a counterexample in the case of surfaces of higher co-dimension. We also apply these results to Ahlfors-David sets and we prove other versions of the main resul…
We estimate the growth of the canonical integral of Hadamard-Weierstrass of measure of finite order on the complex plane by the type of counting function or average counting function of this measure
Let $\mathbb C$ be the complex plane, $E$ be a measurable subset in a segment $[0, R]$ of the positive semiaxis $\mathbb R^+$, $u\not\equiv -\infty$ be a subharmonic function on $\mathbb C$. The main result of this article is an upper estimate of the integral of the module $|u|$ over a subset of $E$ through the maximum of the function $u$ on a circle of radius $R$ centered at zero and a linear Lebesgue measure of subset $E$. Our result develops one of the classical theorems of R. Nevanlinna in the case of $E=[0, R]$ and versions of so-called Small Arcs Lemma by Edrei-Fuchs for small intervals …
We prove a version of the Beurling-Malliavin multiplier theorem. This version is formulated here in a simplified form. Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ and $M\not\equiv -\infty$ be a pair of subharmonic functions on the complex plane $\mathbb C$ with positive parts $u^+:=\sup\{u,0\}$ and $M^+$ such that $$ \operatorname{type}[u]:=\limsup_{z\to \infty} \frac{u^+(z)}{|z|}<+\infty, \qquad \operatorname{type}[M]<+\infty, \qquad \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{u^+(x)+M^+(x)}{1+x^2}\operatorname{d}x<+\infty. $$ If $\operatorname{type}[u]<a<+\infty$, $0<b<+\infty$, and $\operatorname{type}[M]<c<+\infty$, then…
The Valiron-Titchmarsh theorem on asymptotic behavior of entire functions with negative zeros is extended to subharmonic functions in $\mathbb{R}^n, n\geq 3$. We also show that the existence of the limit $\lim_{\rti} \frac{\log u(r)}{N(r)}$, where $N(r)$ is the averaged counting function of a subharmonic function $u$ with the associated masses on a ray implies the regular asymptotic behavior separately for $u$ and for $N$.
We present a Phragmén-Lindelöf type theorem with a flavor of Nevanlinna's theorem for subharmonic functions with frequent oscillations between zero and one. We use a technique inspired by a paper of Jones and Makarov.
It is known that a subharmonic function of finite order $ρ$ can be approximated by the logarithm of the modulus of an entire function at the point $z$ outside an exceptional set up to $C\log|z|$. In this article we prove that if such an approximation is made more precise, i. e. a constant $C$ decreases, then, beginning with $C=ρ/4$, the size of the exceptional set enlarges substantially. Similar results are proved for subharmonic functions of infinite order and functions subharmonic in the unit disk. These theorems improve and complement a result by Yulmukhametov.
In this paper we study the class $\mathcal{E}_{m}(Ω)$ of $m-$subharmonic functions introduced by Lu in \cite{L1}. We prove that the convergence in $m-$capacity implies the convergence of the associated Hessian measure for functions that belong to $\mathcal{E}_{m}(Ω)$. Then we extend those results to the class $\mathcal{E}_{m,χ}(Ω)$ that depends on a given increasing real function $χ$. A complete characterization of those classes using the Hessian measure is given as well as a subextension theorem relative to $\mathcal{E}_{m,χ}(Ω)$.
We obtain two-bound estimates for the local growth of pluri-subharmonic functions in terms of Siciak and relative extremal functions. As applications, we give simple new proofs of "Bernstein doubling inequality" and the main result in [Alexander Brudnyi, Local inequalities for pluri-subharmonic functions, Annals Math. 149 (1999), No. 2, pp. 511--533]. We propose a conjecture similar to the comparison theorem in [H. Alexander and B. A. Taylor, Comparison of two capacities in $\mathbb{C}^n$, Math. Z. 186 (1984), 407--417], whose validity allows to obtain bounds for the local growth of pluri-subh…
We prove Richberg type theorem for $m$-subharmonic function. The main tool is the complex Hessian equation for which we obtain the existence of the unique smooth solution in strictly pseudoconvex domains.
Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ and $M\not\equiv -\infty$ are two subharmonic functions in the complex plane $\mathbb C$ with the Riesz measures $ν_u$ and $μ_M$ such that $u(z)\leq O(|z|)$ and $M(z)\leq O(|z|)$ as $z\to \infty$. If the growth of a function $M$ in some sense exceeds the growth of a function $u$ on some straight line, then we can expect measure $μ_M$ to dominate measure $ν_u$ in some sense. We give quantitative forms of such dominance. The main results are illustrated by a new uniqueness theorem for entire functions of exponential type.
We prove that convex functions of finite order on the real line and subharmonic functions of finite order on finite dimensional real space, bounded from above outside of some set of zero relative Lebesgue density, are bounded from above everywhere. It follows that subharmonic functions of finite order on the complex plane, entire and plurisubharmonic functions of finite order, and convex or harmonic functions of finite order bounded from above outside some set of zero relative Lebesgue density are constant.
We prove that subharmonic functions of finite order on finite dimensional real space, bounded from above outside of some asymptotically small sets on spheres, are bounded from above everywhere. It follows that subharmonic functions of finite order on the complex plane, entire and plurisubharmonic functions of finite order, and convex or harmonic functions of finite order bounded from above outside of such sets on spheres are constant. Our results and methods of proof are also new for functions of one complex variable.
We present a new, short and independent proof of the Liouville-type theorem for entire and subharmonic functions of finite order bounded outside some set of zero planar density.
In the second part of this work was developed a technique of balayage of finite genus $q=0,1,2,\dots$ for measures (charges) and ($δ$-) subharmonic functions of finite order to an arbitrary closed system of rays $S$ with vertex at origin on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. In this third part of our work, we use only the case $q=1$ when $S$ is a pair of oppositely directed rays, i.e., $S$ is a straight line as the point set, and balayage is made from both sides of this line. We consider measures and subharmonic functions of finite type of order $1$. This bilateral balayage of genus $1$ will be ap…
The maximum of the modulus of a meromorphic function cannot be restricted from above by the Nevanlinna characteristic of this meromorphic function. But integrals from the logarithm of the module of a meromorphic function allow similar restrictions from above. This is illustrated by one of the important theorems of Rolf Nevanlinna in the classical monograph by A.A. Goldberg and I.V. Ostrovskii on meromorphic functions, as well as by the Edrei-Fuchs Lemma on small arcs and its versions for small intervals in articles by A.F. Grishin, M.L. Sodin, T.I. Malyutina. Similar results for integrals of d…
Let $E$ be a measurable subset in a segment $[0,r]$ in the positive part of the real axis in the complex plane, and $U=u-v$ be the difference of subharmonic functions $u\not\equiv -\infty$ and $v\not\equiv-\infty$ on the complex plane. An integral of the maximum on circles centered at zero of $U^+:=\sup\{0,U\} $ or $|u|$ over $E$ with a function-multiplier $g\in L^p(E)$ in the integrand is estimated, respectively, in terms of the characteristic function $T_U$ of $U$ or the maximum of $u$ on circles centered at zero, and also in terms of the linear Lebesgue measure of $E$ and the $ L^p$-norm of…
Subharmonic functions associated with the stationary Schrodinger operator are its weak subsolutions under appropriate assumptions on the potential of the operator. We prove for these functions analogs of several classical results on analytic and subharmonic functions, such as the Phragmen-Lindelof theorem with the precise growth rate, the Blaschke theorem on bounded analytic functions, the Carleman formula, the Hayman-Azarin theorem on asymptotic behavior of special subharmonic functions in many-dimensional cones.
Many aspects of pluripotential theory are generalized to quaternionic $m$-subharmonic functions. We introduce quaternionic version of notions of the $m$-Hessian operator, $m$-subharmonic functions, $m$-Hessian measure, $m$-capapcity, the relative $m$-extremal function and the $m$-Lelong number, and show various propositions for them, based on $d_0$ and $ d_1$ operators, the quaternionic counterpart of $\partial$ and $\overline{\partial}$, and quaternionic closed positve currents. The definition of quaternionic $m$-Hessian operator can be extended to locally bounded quaternionic $m$-subharmonic…
Let $f$ be a meromorphic function on the complex plane $\mathbb C$ with the maximum function of its modulus $M(r,f)$ on circles centered at zero of radius $r$. A number of classical, well-known and widely used results allow us to estimate from above the integrals of the positive part of the logarithm $\ln^+M(t,f)$ over subsets of $E\subset [0,r]$ via the Nevanlinna characteristic $T(r,f)$ and the linear Lebesgue measure of the set $E$. The paper gives similar estimates for the Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals of $\ln^+M (t,f)$ over the increasing integration function of $m$. The main part of the p…
A note on the subsolution theorem in weighted energy classes of $m$-subharmonic functions with given boundary values
研究加权复$m$-Hessian方程在给定边界值的加权能量类中存在子解时的可解性，推广了之前对$f\in\mathcal{N}_m(\Omega)\cap MSH_m(\Omega)$情形的结果。
We characterise functions for the dual spaces of entire functions f such that fe^{-ϕ}\in L^p(\C^n,ρ^{-2}dA), 0<p\leq 1, where ϕis a subharmonic weight and ρ^{-2} is a positive function called under certain conditions regularised version of Laplacian Δϕ, as described in \cite{C}.
We study the possible singularities of an $m$-subharmonic function $φ$ along a complex submanifold $V$ of a compact Kähler manifold, finding a maximal rate of growth for $φ$ which depends only on $m$ and $k$, the codimension of $V$. When $k < m$, we show that $φ$ has at worst log poles along $V$, and that the strength of these poles is moveover constant along $V$. This can be thought of as an analogue of Siu's theorem.
In this article, we investigate the weighted $m-$subharmonic functions. We shall give some properties of this class and consider its relation to the $m-$Cegrell classes. We also prove an integration theorem and an almost everywhere convergence theorem for this class.
Previously, we developed the technique of balayage of measures or charges and ($δ$-)subharmonic functions of finite order onto an closed system of rays $S$ with a vertex at zero on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. In this article, we use only two kinds of balayage of measure and charge, as well as of subharmonic functions of finite type under the order $1$ and their differences. First, it is a classical balayage of the genus $q=0$ on a system of four closed rays: positive and negative, and real and imaginary semi-axis $\mathbb R^+$, $-\mathbb R^+$, $i\mathbb R^+$, $-i\mathbb R$. Second, it is tw…
We obtain uniqueness theorems for harmonic and subharmonic functions of a new type. They lead to new analytic extension criteria and new conditions for stability of operator semigroups in Banach spaces with Fourier type.
Let $D$ be a domain in the complex plane $\mathbb C$. It follows from first part of our work that if a non-zero holomorphic function $f$ on $D$ vanishes on a sequence ${\sf Z}\subset D$ and satisfies $|f|\leq M$ on $D$, where $M$ is a subharmonic function on $D$, then the the distribution of ${\sf Z}$ is subordinated to the Riesz measure $ν_M$ of $M$ in a certain sense. Here we show that this result is "almost reversible".
Some Integrability Properties of $m$-Subharmonic Functions
研究\(1\leq m < n\)时\(\mathbb{C}^n\)中\(m\)-次调和函数的可积性，通过显式径向例子指出相关准则不成立，分类奇点并计算\(L^p\)区间，回答相关问题，引入局部黑塞容量条件尺度，对布洛基猜想取得进展并部分证实。
We study the density of polynomials in $H^2(E,φ)$, the space of square integrable functions with respect to $e^{-φ}dm$ and holomorphic on the interior of $E$ in $\mathbb{C}$, where $φ$ is a subharmonic function and $dm$ is a measure on $E$. We give a result where $E$ is the union of a Lipschitz graph and a Carathéodory domain, that we state as a weighted $L^2$-version of the Mergelyan theorem. We also prove a weighted $L^2$-version of the Carleman theorem. Keywords: Mergelyan theorem, Carleman theorem, Weighted $L^2$- spaces, Rectifiable non-Lipschitz arc
This paper is devoted to various applications of Hardy-Sobolev type inequalities. We derive a new $L^2$ estimate for the $\bar{\partial}-$equation on ${\mathbb C}^n$ which yields a quantitative generalization of the Hartogs extension theorem to the case when the singularity set is not necessary compact. We show that for any negative subharmonic function $ψ$ on ${\mathbb R}^n$, $n>2$, the BMO norm of $\log |ψ|$ is bounded above by $2\sqrt{n-2}$ and $|ψ|^γ$ satisfies a reverse Hölder inequality for every $0<γ<1$. We also show that every plurisubharmonic function is locally BMO. Several Liouville…
The main point of this paper is to prove the following useful result: If the almost everywhere 2-jet of a locally quasi-convex function u satisfies a degenerate elliptic constraint F, then u is F-subharmonic, i.e., u is a viscosity F-subsolution. This AE Theorem makes otherwise difficult results transparent. Some instances of this are presented, including two versions of addition, and a comparison theorem.
Pseudo-holomorphic curves on almost complex manifolds have been much more intensely studied than their "dual" objects, the plurisubharmonic functions. These functions are defined classically by requiring that the restriction to each pseudo-holomorphic curve is subharmonic. In this paper subharmonic functions are defined by applying the viscosity approach to a version of the complex hessian which exists intrinsically on any almost complex manifold. Three theorems are proved. The first is a restriction theorem which establishes the equivalence of our definition with the "classical" definition. I…
In this note we present a new proof of the Carleson Embedding Theorem on the unit disc and unit ball. The only technical tool used in the proof of this fact is Green's formula. The starting point is that every Carleson measure gives rise to a bounded subharmonic function. Using this function we construct a new related Carleson measure that allows for a simple embedding. In the case of the disc this gives the best known constant, with the previous best given by N. Nikolskii.
Complete harmonic metrics and subharmonic functions on the unit disc
本文将 Li-Mochizuki 关于循环希格斯丛完全调和度量唯一性的定理推广到任意次调和权函数，并证明单位圆盘上完全度量总存在且可由光滑权函数逼近的度量族单调收敛得到。
This note adapts the sophisticated Richberg technique for approximation in pluripotential theory to the $F$-potential theory associated to a general nonlinear convex subequation $F \subset J^2(X)$ on a manifold $X$. The main theorem is the following "local to global" result. Suppose $u$ is a continuous strictly $F$-subharmonic function such that each point $x\in X$ has a fundamental neighborhood system consisting of domains for which a "quasi" form of $C^\infty$ approximation holds. Then for any positive $h\in C(X)$ there exists a strictly $F$-subharmonic function $w\in C^\infty(X)$ with $u< w…
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