Bulat N. Khabibullin, Farkhat B. Khabibullin
We estimate the growth of the canonical integral of Hadamard-Weierstrass of measure of finite order on the complex plane by the type of counting function or average counting function of this measure
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The Valiron-Titchmarsh theorem on asymptotic behavior of entire functions with negative zeros is extended to subharmonic functions in $\mathbb{R}^n, n\geq 3$. We also show that the existence of the limit $\lim_{\rti} \frac{\log u(r)}{N(r)}$, where $N(r)$ is the averaged counting function of a subharmonic function $u$ with the associated masses on a ray implies the regular asymptotic behavior separately for $u$ and for $N$.
We establish a Wiman-Valiron theory for a polynomial series based on the Wilson operator $\mathcal{D}_\mathrm{W}$. For an entire function $f$ of order smaller than $\frac13$, this theory includes (i) an estimate which shows that $f$ behaves locally like a polynomial consisting of the terms near the maximal term in its Wilson series expansion, and (ii) an estimate of $\mathcal{D}_\mathrm{W}^n f$ compared to $f$. We then apply this theory in studying the growth of entire solutions to difference equations involving the Wilson operator.
We establish a Wiman-Valiron theory of a polynomial series based on the Askey-Wilson operator $\mathcal{D}_q$, where $q\in(0,1)$. For an entire function $f$ of log-order smaller than $2$, this theory includes (i) an estimate which shows that $f$ behaves locally like a polynomial consisting of the terms near the maximal term of its Askey-Wilson series expansion, and (ii) an estimate of $\mathcal{D}_q^n f$ compared to $f$. We then apply this theory in studying the growth of entire solutions to difference equations involving the Askey-Wilson operator.
The paper gives a precise asymptotic relation between higher order logarithmic difference and logarithmic derivatives for meromorphic functions with order strictly less then one. This allows us to formulate a useful Wiman-Valiron type estimate for logarithmic difference of meromorphic functions of small order. We then apply this estimate to prove a classical analogue of Valiron about entire solutions to linear differential equations with polynomials coefficients for linear difference equations.
Let f be an entire function of finite order less than 1. The maximum modulus M(r) of f and the counting function of the zeros N(r) are connected by a best possible growth inequality known as Valiron's Theorem: For functions subharmonic in d-dimensional Euclidean space, Hayman obtained a corresponding result with a best possible constant involving the dimension d. For the special case of an entire function on d-dimensional complex space, we obtain a corresponding dimension-free, best possible inequality.
Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ be a subharmonic function on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. In 2016, we obtained a result on the existence of an entire function $f\neq 0$ satisfying the estimate $\log|f|\leq {\sf B}_u$ on $\mathbb C$, where functions ${\sf B}_u$ are integral averages of $u$ for rapidly shrinking disks as it approaches infinity. We give another equivalent version of this result with $\log |f|\leq u$ outside a very small exceptional set if $u$ is of finite order.
We give a general method for constructing examples of transcendental entire functions of given small order, which allows precise control over the size and shape of the set where the minimum modulus of the function is relatively large. Our method involves developing a new technique to give an upper bound for the growth of a positive harmonic function defined in a certain type of multiply connected domain, giving a sharp estimate for the growth in many cases.
Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ be a subharmonic function on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. Then for any function $r\colon\mathbb C\to (0,1]$ satisfying the condition $$\inf_{z\in\mathbb C}\frac{\ln r(z)}{\ln(2+|z|)}>-\infty,$$ there is an entire function $f\not\equiv 0$ such that $$ \ln |f(z)|\leq \frac{1}{2π}\int_0^{2π}u(z+r(z)e^{iθ})\,{\mathrm d}θ\quad\text{for all $z\in\mathbb C$.}$$ A similar result is established for subharmonic functions of finite order with inequalities of the form $\ln|f(z)|\leq u(z)$ at all points $z\in\mathbb C\setminus E$, where the exceptional set $E$ is small in terms …
We construct and apply the classic balayage (sweeping out) of measures and subharmonic functions on closed system of rays in the complex plane with vertex at the origin, including measures and subharmonic functions and infinite order. The need for such a procedure occurs in the study of the behavior of entire and subharmonic functions on systems of rays. The results apply to the complete regularity of the growth of subharmonic and entire functions on a system of rays, the study of the distribution of zeros of entire functions of exponential type of class A, touches upon the incompleteness of e…
In the second part of this work was developed a technique of balayage of finite genus $q=0,1,2,\dots$ for measures (charges) and ($δ$-) subharmonic functions of finite order to an arbitrary closed system of rays $S$ with vertex at origin on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. In this third part of our work, we use only the case $q=1$ when $S$ is a pair of oppositely directed rays, i.e., $S$ is a straight line as the point set, and balayage is made from both sides of this line. We consider measures and subharmonic functions of finite type of order $1$. This bilateral balayage of genus $1$ will be ap…
We develop classical balayage (sweeping) measures and subharmonic functions on the ray system $S$ with a general origin on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. This allows for a subharmonic function $v$ on $\mathbb C$ to construct also a subharmonic function on $\mathbb C$ that is harmonic outside $S$ and coincides with $v$ on $S$. We give applications to the relationship between the growth of an entire function on $S$ and the distribution of its zeros, the conditions of complete regular growth of entire and subharmonic functions on the ray system, to the problems of incompleteness of exponential sy…
We obtain a complete description of the Riesz measures of almost periodic subharmonic functions with at most of linear growth on the complex plane; as a consequence we get a complete description of zero sets for the class of entire functions of exponential type with almost periodic modulus.
We consider the pointwise approximation of a subharmonic function by the logarithm of the modulus of an entire function up to a bounded quantity. In the case of finite order an estimate from below of the planar Lebesgue measure of an exceptional set in such approximation is obtained.
In certain classes of subharmonic functions u on C distinguished in terms of lower bounds for the Riesz measure of u, a sharp estimate is obtained for the rate of approximation by functions of the form log |f(z)|, where f is an entire function. The results complement and generalize those recently obtained by Yu. Lyubarskii and Eu. Malinnikova.
It is known that a subharmonic function of finite order $ρ$ can be approximated by the logarithm of the modulus of an entire function at the point $z$ outside an exceptional set up to $C\log|z|$. In this article we prove that if such an approximation is made more precise, i. e. a constant $C$ decreases, then, beginning with $C=ρ/4$, the size of the exceptional set enlarges substantially. Similar results are proved for subharmonic functions of infinite order and functions subharmonic in the unit disk. These theorems improve and complement a result by Yulmukhametov.
We expand the classical balayage of measures and subharmonic functions on a system of rays $S$ with a common origin on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. This allows for an arbitrary subharmonic function $v$ of finite order on $\mathbb C$ build $δ$-subharmonic function on $\mathbb C$, harmonic outside $S$ coinciding with $v$ on $S$ outside the polar set, of the same order of growth as $v$. We give applications to the relationship of the growth of an entire function in $S$ with the distribution of its zeros.
Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ and $M\not\equiv -\infty$ are two subharmonic functions in the complex plane $\mathbb C$ with the Riesz measures $ν_u$ and $μ_M$ such that $u(z)\leq O(|z|)$ and $M(z)\leq O(|z|)$ as $z\to \infty$. If the growth of a function $M$ in some sense exceeds the growth of a function $u$ on some straight line, then we can expect measure $μ_M$ to dominate measure $ν_u$ in some sense. We give quantitative forms of such dominance. The main results are illustrated by a new uniqueness theorem for entire functions of exponential type.
We present a new, short and independent proof of the Liouville-type theorem for entire and subharmonic functions of finite order bounded outside some set of zero planar density.
In this course of lectures we give an account of the growth theory of subharmonic functions, which is directed towards its applications to entire functions of one and several complex variables.
Additional integral inequalities are obtained for integrals of the differences of subharmonic functions by Borel measures on balls in a multidimensional Euclidean space. These integrals are still estimated from above through the Nevanlinna characteristic and various characteristics of the Borel measure and its support. All the results are also new for logarithms of modules of meromorphic functions on discs in the complex plane. Integration by Borel measures with a support on fractal sets is allowed, and estimates in these cases are given by the Hausdorff measure and the Hausdorff content for t…
We prove a version of the Beurling-Malliavin multiplier theorem. This version is formulated here in a simplified form. Let $u\not\equiv -\infty$ and $M\not\equiv -\infty$ be a pair of subharmonic functions on the complex plane $\mathbb C$ with positive parts $u^+:=\sup\{u,0\}$ and $M^+$ such that $$ \operatorname{type}[u]:=\limsup_{z\to \infty} \frac{u^+(z)}{|z|}<+\infty, \qquad \operatorname{type}[M]<+\infty, \qquad \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{u^+(x)+M^+(x)}{1+x^2}\operatorname{d}x<+\infty. $$ If $\operatorname{type}[u]<a<+\infty$, $0<b<+\infty$, and $\operatorname{type}[M]<c<+\infty$, then…
We prove that convex functions of finite order on the real line and subharmonic functions of finite order on finite dimensional real space, bounded from above outside of some set of zero relative Lebesgue density, are bounded from above everywhere. It follows that subharmonic functions of finite order on the complex plane, entire and plurisubharmonic functions of finite order, and convex or harmonic functions of finite order bounded from above outside some set of zero relative Lebesgue density are constant.
Decrease in growth of entire and meromorphic functions
本文解决了整函数与亚纯函数径向增长下降的三个问题，通过积分平均、径向积分计数函数及 Nevanlinna 特征给出精确非渐近估计，核心基于次调和函数主定理与小子式存在性结果。
We prove that subharmonic functions of finite order on finite dimensional real space, bounded from above outside of some asymptotically small sets on spheres, are bounded from above everywhere. It follows that subharmonic functions of finite order on the complex plane, entire and plurisubharmonic functions of finite order, and convex or harmonic functions of finite order bounded from above outside of such sets on spheres are constant. Our results and methods of proof are also new for functions of one complex variable.
Previously, we developed the technique of balayage of measures or charges and ($δ$-)subharmonic functions of finite order onto an closed system of rays $S$ with a vertex at zero on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. In this article, we use only two kinds of balayage of measure and charge, as well as of subharmonic functions of finite type under the order $1$ and their differences. First, it is a classical balayage of the genus $q=0$ on a system of four closed rays: positive and negative, and real and imaginary semi-axis $\mathbb R^+$, $-\mathbb R^+$, $i\mathbb R^+$, $-i\mathbb R$. Second, it is tw…
We characterise interpolating and sampling sequences for the spaces of entire functions f such that f e^{-phi} belongs to L^p(C), p>=1 (and some related weighted classes), where phi is a subharmonic weight whose Laplacian is a doubling measure. The results are expressed in terms of some densities adapted to the metric induced by the Laplacian of phi. They generalise previous results by Seip for the case phi(z)=|z|^2, and by Berndtsson & Ortega-Cerdà and Ortega-Cerdà & Seip for the case when the Laplacian of phi is bounded above and below.
We characterise functions for the dual spaces of entire functions f such that fe^{-ϕ}\in L^p(\C^n,ρ^{-2}dA), 0<p\leq 1, where ϕis a subharmonic weight and ρ^{-2} is a positive function called under certain conditions regularised version of Laplacian Δϕ, as described in \cite{C}.
Rate of growth of random analytic functions, with an application to linear dynamics
本文建立随机整函数与单位圆盘随机解析函数的 Wiman–Valiron 型不等式，改进已有结果，并用于刻画任意混沌加权后移算子频繁超循环函数在例外集外的增长率。
We prove upper pointwise estimates for the Bergman kernel of the weighted Fock space of entire functions in $L^2(e^{-2ϕ})$ where $ϕ$ is a subharmonic function with $Δϕ$ a doubling measure. We derive estimates for the canonical solution operator to the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equation and we characterize the compactness of this operator in terms of $Δϕ$.
Some properties of integral averages of functions on intervals and their asymptotic behavior are investigated. The results are aimed at applications to entire and subharmonic functions.
The concept of proximate order is widely used in the theories of entire, meromorphic, subharmonic and plurisubharmonic functions. We give a general interpretation of this concept as a proximate growth function relative to a model growth function. If a function is the proximate growth function with respect to the identity function on the positive semi-axis, then the logarithm of this function is the classical proximate order. Our definition uses only one condition. This form of definition is also new for the classical proximate order.
A crucial ingredient in the recent discovery by Ablowitz, Halburd, Herbst and Korhonen \cite{AHH}, \cite {HK-2} that a connection exists between discrete Painlevé equations and (finite order) Nevanlinna theory is an estimate of the integrated average of $\log^+|f(z+1)/f(z)|$ on $|z|=r$. We obtained essentially the same estimate in our previous paper \cite{CF} independent of Halburd et al \cite{HK-1}. We continue our study in this paper by establishing complete asymptotic relations amongst the logarithmic differences, difference quotients and logarithmic derivatives for finite order meromorphic…
Balayage of measures with respect to classes of all subharmonic or harmonic functions on an open set of a plane or finite-dimensional Euclidean space is one of the main objects of potential theory and its applications to the complex analysis. For a class $H$ of functions on $O$, a measure $ω$ on $O$ is a balayage of a measure $δ$ on $O$ with respect to this class $H$ if $\int_O h\, d δ\leq \int_O h\, dω$ for each $h\in H$. In our previous works we used this concept to study envelopes relative to classes of subharmonic and harmonic functions and apply them to describe zero sets of holomorphic f…
Let $Z$ and $W$ are distributions of points on the complex plane $\mathbb C$. The following problem goes back to the studies of F. Carlson, T. Carleman, L. Schwartz, A. F. Leont'ev, B. Ya. Levin, J.-P. Kahane and others. For which $Z$ and $W$ for an entire function $g\neq 0$ of exponential type vanishing on $W$, there is an entire function $f\neq 0$ of exponential type vanishing on $Z$ such that $|f|\leq |g|$ on the imaginary axis? The classical Malliavin-Rubel theorem of the early 1960s completely solves this problem for "positive" $Z$ and $W$ lying only on the positive semiaxis. A number of …
We study non-trivial translation-invariant probability measures on the space of entire functions of one complex variable. The existence (and even an abundance) of such measures was proven by Benjamin Weiss. Answering Weiss question, we find a relatively sharp lower bound for the growth of entire functions in the support of such measures. The proof of this result consists of two independent parts: the proof of the lower bound and the construction, which yields its sharpness. Each of these parts combines various tools (both classical and new) from the theory of entire and subharmonic functions a…
We characterize the Schatten class membership of the canonical solution operator to $\bar\partial$ acting on $L^2(e^{-2ϕ})$, where $ϕ$ is a subharmonic function with $Δϕ$ a doubling measure. The obtained characterization is in terms of $Δϕ$. As part of our approach, we study Hankel operators with anti-analytic symbols acting on the corresponding Fock space of entire functions in $L^2(e^{-2ϕ})$.
Accuracy and Stability of Computing High-Order Derivatives of Analytic Functions by Cauchy Integrals
本文研究通过柯西积分计算解析函数高阶导数时，如何选择最优半径以平衡截断误差和舍入误差，并利用Hardy空间、Wiman-Valiron和Levin-Pfluger整函数理论以及鞍点法解释为何该半径通常能实现几乎全精度。
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