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arXiv 1906.09261astro-ph.EP
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由流动不稳定性形成的星子的人口统计

Demographics of Planetesimals Formed by the Streaming Instability

Rixin Li, Andrew Youdin, Jacob Simon

摘要:

流动不稳定性(SI)是原行星盘中固体在空气动力学作用下聚集并促进星子形成的一种机制。最近的数值模拟工作表明,微行星的初始质量分布越来越复杂。为了更好地约束这种分布,我们进行SI模拟,包括迄今为止分辨率最高的自引力。为了随后识别所有的自结合团块,我们开发了一种新的团块发现工具,PLANETESIMAL分析器(\texttt{PLAN})。然后,我们应用极大似然估计,以适应一套参数化的模型,具有不同程度的复杂性的模拟质量分布。为了确定哪些模型是最佳拟合和统计稳健的,我们应用了三个具有不同复杂性惩罚的模型选择标准。我们发现,团块的初始质量分布是不普遍的函数形式和参数值。我们的模型选择标准更喜欢与文献中先前考虑的模型不同的模型。适合多段幂律模型打破了一个陡峭的分布以上的质量接近100公里的坍缩星子,类似于观测到的柯伊伯带的大小分布。我们发现在我们的高分辨率运行的小行星质量分布的低质量端营业额的证据。这样的转换是引力坍缩的预期,但以前没有报道过。

英文摘要:

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and facilitate the formation of planetesimals. Recent numerical modeling efforts have demonstrated the increasing complexity of the initial mass distribution of planetesimals. To better constrain this distribution, we conduct SI simulations including the self-gravity with hitherto the highest resolution. To subsequently identify all of the self-bound clumps, we develop a new clump-finding tool, PLanetesimal ANalyzer (\texttt{PLAN}). We then apply a maximum likelihood estimator to fit a suite of parameterized models with different levels of complexity to the simulated mass distribution. To determine which models are best-fitting and statistically robust, we apply three model selection criteria with different complexity penalties. We find that the initial mass distribution of clumps is not universal regarding both the functional forms and parameter values. Our model selection criteria prefer models different from those previously considered in the literature. Fits to multi-segment power law models break to a steeper distribution above masses close to 100 km collapsed planetesimals, similar to observed Kuiper Belt size distributions. We find evidence for a turnover in the low mass end of the planetesimal mass distribution in our high resolution run. Such a turnover is expected for gravitational collapse, but had not previously been reported.

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