arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1906.03098cs.LGcs.AIcs.HCcs.ROstat.ML
收藏

基于人类数据的多模态主动学习:一种深度强化学习方法

Multi-modal Active Learning From Human Data: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Imperial College London(帝国理工学院)

Ognjen Rudovic, Meiru Zhang, Bjorn Schuller, Rosalind W. Picard

摘要:

人类的行为表达和经验具有内在的多模态性,并具有巨大的个体异质性和情境异质性。为了实现有意义的人机和人机交互,用户状态的多模态模型(例如,因此,需要(参与)。大多数试图为用户状态构建分类器的现有工作都假设用于训练模型的数据是完全标记的。然而,数据标记是昂贵且繁琐的,并且还容易受到人类编码人员的主观解释。当数据是多模态的(例如,一些用户用他们的面部表情更有表现力,一些用他们的声音更有表现力)。因此,构建能够准确估计交互期间用户状态的模型具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新的多模态主动学习(AL)方法,该方法使用深度强化学习(RL)的概念来寻找主动选择用户数据的最佳策略,这些数据是训练目标(特定模态)模型所需的。我们研究了多模态数据融合的不同策略,并表明所提出的模型级融合加上RL优于特征级和模态特定的模型,天真的AL策略,如随机抽样,和标准的不确定性抽样。我们展示了这种方法在自闭症治疗过程中从现实世界的儿童-机器人交互中进行参与估计的任务上的好处。重要的是,我们表明,所提出的多模态AL方法可以用于有效地个性化的参与分类器的目标用户使用少量的积极选择的用户数据。

英文摘要:

Human behavior expression and experience are inherently multi-modal, and characterized by vast individual and contextual heterogeneity. To achieve meaningful human-computer and human-robot interactions, multi-modal models of the users states (e.g., engagement) are therefore needed. Most of the existing works that try to build classifiers for the users states assume that the data to train the models are fully labeled. Nevertheless, data labeling is costly and tedious, and also prone to subjective interpretations by the human coders. This is even more pronounced when the data are multi-modal (e.g., some users are more expressive with their facial expressions, some with their voice). Thus, building models that can accurately estimate the users states during an interaction is challenging. To tackle this, we propose a novel multi-modal active learning (AL) approach that uses the notion of deep reinforcement learning (RL) to find an optimal policy for active selection of the users data, needed to train the target (modality-specific) models. We investigate different strategies for multi-modal data fusion, and show that the proposed model-level fusion coupled with RL outperforms the feature-level and modality-specific models, and the naive AL strategies such as random sampling, and the standard heuristics such as uncertainty sampling. We show the benefits of this approach on the task of engagement estimation from real-world child-robot interactions during an autism therapy. Importantly, we show that the proposed multi-modal AL approach can be used to efficiently personalize the engagement classifiers to the target user using a small amount of actively selected users data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑