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arXiv 1904.00599cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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自推进粒子从亚稳态的激活逃逸

Activated escape of a self-propelled particle from a metastable state

Eric Woillez, Yongfeng Zhao, Yariv Kafri, Vivien Lecomte, Julien Tailleur

摘要:

研究了噪声驱动下的活动布朗粒子(ABPs)和翻滚粒子(RTPs)从束缚势中的逃逸。在小噪声极限下,我们给出了逃逸率在任意维变分问题中的精确表达式。对于一维的RTPs,我们得到了一个显式的解决方案,包括第一次领导的修正。在两个维度上,我们解决了RTPs和ABPs从二次井的逃逸问题。与平衡问题相反,我们发现逃逸率明显取决于势垒的完整形状,而不仅仅是它的高度。这导致了许多不寻常的行为。例如,当一个粒子被困在两个势垒之间时,它可能会优先从较高的势垒中逃逸。此外,随着自推进速度的变化,逃生路线可以不连续地从一个障碍切换到另一个障碍,导致动态相变。

英文摘要:

We study the noise-driven escape of active Brownian particles (ABPs) and run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) from confining potentials. In the small noise limit, we provide an exact expression for the escape rate in term of a variational problem in any dimension. For RTPs in one dimension, we obtain an explicit solution, including the first sub-leading correction. In two dimensions we solve the escape from a quadratic well for both RTPs and ABPs. In contrast to the equilibrium problem we find that the escape rate depends explicitly on the full shape of the potential barrier, and not only on its height. This leads to a host of unusual behaviors. For example, when a particle is trapped between two barriers it may preferentially escape over the higher one. Moreover, as the self-propulsion speed is varied, the escape route may discontinuously switch from one barrier to the other, leading to a dynamical phase transition.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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