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arXiv 1606.01798cond-mat.soft
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克莱姆斯自推进粒子逃逸

Kramers escape of a self-propelled particle

Alexander Geiseler, Peter Hänggi, Gerhard Schmid

摘要:

研究了表面上过阻尼自推进球形布朗粒子从亚稳势阱中的逃逸率。在一个模型中的一维恒定速度的粒子的主动动力学,我们认为使用数值和分析方法的相关速率。关于势阱中定态的性质,存在两个主要的时间尺度,每个时间尺度分别控制粒子的平移和旋转动力学。粒子半径被确定为负责调节这些时间尺度之间的比率的基本量。对于非常小和非常大的粒子半径,可以导出粒子逃逸率的近似解析表达式,在其各自的有效范围内,与基本的全二维福克-普朗克描述的精确逃逸数值相比毫不逊色。

英文摘要:

We investigate the escape rate of an overdamped, self-propelled spherical Brownian particle on a surface from a metastable potential well. Within a modeling in terms of a 1D constant speed of the particle's active dynamics we consider the associated rate using both numerical and analytical approaches. Regarding the properties of the stationary state in the potential well, two major timescales exist, each governing the translational and the rotational dynamics of the particle, respectively. The particle radius is identified to present the essential quantity in charge of regulating the ratio between those timescales. For very small and very large particle radii, approximate analytic expressions for the particle's escape rate can be derived, which, within their respective range of validity, compare favorably with the precise escape numerics of the underlying full two-dimensional Fokker-Planck description.

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