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arXiv 1903.09685cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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第一性原理研究自由电子对混合钙钛矿CH $_3$ NH $_3$ PbI $_3$光吸收的影响

Free-electron effects on optical absorption of hybrid perovskite CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ from first principles

Joshua Leveillee, André Schleife

摘要:

混合有机-无机钙钛矿,如甲基铵三碘化铅(MAPbI $_3$),是下一代太阳能电池中有效吸收材料的有趣候选者,部分原因是低激子结合能和强光吸收的不寻常组合。这种材料中的激子效应在实验和理论上都存在争议,这表明需要更好地理解作用于电子-空穴相互作用的屏蔽机制。在这里,我们使用尖端的第一性原理理论光谱学,密度泛函和多体微扰理论的基础上,研究原子的几何形状,电子结构和光学性质的三个MAPbI $_3$多晶型物,并找到与早期的结果和实验很好的协议。然后,我们研究了自由电子对电子-空穴相互作用的影响,并表明,这解释了一贯较小的激子结合能,与那些在材料中没有自由电子。有趣的是,我们还发现,吸收线的形状非常类似的光谱没有自由电子高自由电子浓度。我们解释这种意想不到的行为形成的Mahan激子占主导地位的吸收边,使其强大的自由电子诱导的变化,在其他半导体。

英文摘要:

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, such as methyl-ammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI$_3$), are interesting candidates for efficient absorber materials in next-generation solar cells, partly due to an unusual combination of low exciton binding energy and strong optical absorption. Excitonic effects in this material have been subject to debate both for experiment and theory, indicating a need for better understanding of the screening mechanisms that act upon the electron-hole interaction. Here we use cutting-edge first-principles theoretical spectroscopy, based on density-functional and many-body perturbation theory, to study atomic geometries, electronic structure, and optical properties of three MAPbI$_3$ polymorphs and find good agreement with earlier results and experiment. We then study the influence of free electrons on the electron-hole interaction and show that this explains consistently smaller exciton binding energies, compared to those in the material without free electrons. Interestingly, we also find that the absorption line shape strongly resembles that of the spectrum without free electrons up to high free electron concentrations. We explain this unexpected behavior by formation of Mahan excitons that dominate the absorption edge, making it robust against free-electron induced changes observed in other semiconductors.

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