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arXiv 2210.03415cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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卤化物钙钛矿的缺陷:它有助于从3D转换到2D吗?

Defects in Halide Perovskites: Does It Help to Switch from 3D to 2D?

Haibo Xue, Zehua Chen, Shuxia Tao, Geert Brocks

摘要:

Ruddlesden-Popper混合碘化物2D钙钛矿被提出作为其3D对应物的稳定替代品。使用第一性原理计算,我们证明了点缺陷的平衡浓度在2D钙钛矿PEA $_2$ PbI $_4$,BA $_2$ PbI $_4$,和PEA $_2$ SnI $_4$(PEA:苯乙基铵,BA:丁基铵),是远远低于可比的3D钙钛矿。由缺陷引起的键合中断在2D网络中比在3D网络中更有害,使得缺陷形成在能量上更昂贵。通过与Pb合金化,可以进一步增强2D Sn碘化钙钛矿的稳定性。然而,如果由于非平衡生长条件而出现相当大浓度的点缺陷,则这些缺陷会妨碍2D钙钛矿的光电性能,因为它们引入了深陷阱。我们认为,陷阱能级是负责在实验中观察到的2D钙钛矿宽的子带隙发射。

英文摘要:

Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid iodide 2D perovskites are put forward as stable alternatives to their 3D counterparts. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that equilibrium concentrations of point defects in the 2D perovskites PEA$_2$PbI$_4$, BA$_2$PbI$_4$, and PEA$_2$SnI$_4$ (PEA: phenethyl ammonium, BA: butylammonium), are much lower than in comparable 3D perovskites. Bonding disruptions by defects are more detrimental in 2D than in 3D networks, making defect formation energetically more costly. The stability of 2D Sn iodide perovskites can be further enhanced by alloying with Pb. Should, however, point defects emerge in sizable concentrations as a result of nonequilibrium growth conditions, for instance, then those defects hamper the optoelectronic performance of the 2D perovskites, as they introduce deep traps. We suggest that trap levels are responsible for the broad sub-bandgap emission in 2D perovskites observed in experiments.

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