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arXiv 1903.04840astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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从II型高原超新星光变曲线推断祖先质量的困难

The difficulty of inferring progenitor masses from Type II-Plateau supernova light curves

Luc Dessart, D. John Hillier

摘要:

关于II型高原超新星(II-P)的前身质量的推断存在许多争议。这场争论是由辐射流体动力学模拟、爆炸前成像和宿主恒星星族研究得出的不一致结果引发的。在这里,我们提出了一个控制实验,使用四个太阳金属丰度模型与零年龄的主序列质量为12,15,20,和25 Msun。由于核心燃烧和表面质量损失的影响,这些模型会以红超巨星(RSG)的形式达到核心坍缩,其富氢包层质量为8至9 Msun,但最终质量在11至16 Msun之间。我们使用热弹爆炸前体,调整能量沉积以产生1.25 x 10^51 erg的渐近喷出物动能和0.04 Msun的初始56 Ni质量。由此产生的SNe产生类似的光度和光谱性能从10到200天。光谱特性是简并的。早期颜色的分散是由于祖先半径的范围,而晚期光谱的差异反映了更大质量的祖先中更大的氧产量。由于前体恒星具有可比的富氢包层质量,因此所有模型的光球相持续时间都是可比的;氦核质量的差异是不可见的。由于不同的主序星质量可以产生具有相似的富氢包络质量的祖星,因此光变曲线模型无法为II-P型SNe的喷出物质量提供稳健且独特的解决方案。大质量恒星演化和风质量损失的众多不确定性也阻止了与主序星质量的强关联。光曲线建模最多只能提供兼容性。

英文摘要:

Much controversy surrounds the inferred progenitor masses of Type II-Plateau (II-P) supernovae (SNe). The debate is nourished by the discrepant results from radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, from pre-explosion imaging, and from studies of host stellar populations. Here, we present a controlled experiment using four solar metallicity models with zero-age main-sequence masses of 12, 15, 20, and 25Msun. Because of the effects of core burning and surface mass loss, these models reach core collapse as red-supergiant (RSG) stars with a similar H-rich envelope mass of 8 to 9Msun but with final masses in the range 11 to 16Msun. We explode the progenitors using a thermal bomb, adjusting the energy deposition to yield an asymptotic ejecta kinetic energy of 1.25 x 10^51 erg and an initial 56Ni mass of 0.04Msun. The resulting SNe produce similar photometric and spectroscopic properties from 10 to 200d. The spectral characteristics are degenerate. The scatter in early-time color results from the range in progenitor radii, while the differences in late-time spectra reflect the larger oxygen yields in more massive progenitors. Because the progenitors have a comparable H-rich envelope mass, the photospheric phase duration is comparable for all models; the difference in He-core mass is invisible. As different main-sequence masses can produce progenitors with a similar H-rich envelope mass, light curve modeling cannot provide a robust and unique solution for the ejecta mass of Type II-P SNe. The numerous uncertainties in massive star evolution and wind mass loss also prevent a robust association with a main-sequence star mass. Light curve modeling can at best propose compatibility.

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