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arXiv 1902.04475cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.quant-gas
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螺旋边态与量子光相互作用的集体模

Collective modes for helical edge state interacting with quantum light

Balázs Gulácsi, Balázs Dóra

摘要:

研究了二维拓扑绝缘体边缘态与量子电磁场的光-物质相互作用。这种相互作用来源于边缘电子自旋与磁场之间的塞曼项,也通过Peierls代换。系统在没有矢势时的连续U(1)对称性在有矢势时退化为离散的时间反演对称性。由于光与物质的相互作用,超辐射基态出现自发破缺的时间反演对称性,伴随着沿边缘的净光电流,由量子光的矢量势产生。光子场的谱函数揭示了在阈值能量以上的极化激元连续激发,对应于由于基态的相位起伏的Higgs模式和另一个低能量集体模式。这种集体模是一种零能量的Goldstone模,它在没有矢势的情况下由连续U(1)对称性破缺而产生,在有矢势的情况下获得有限的能隙。在考虑序参量涨落的情况下,采用无规相位近似计算了边缘电子的光学电导率。它包含集体模式作为重整化有效质量的Drude峰,其移动到有限的频率,因为系统的对称性被包含的矢量势降低。

英文摘要:

We investigate the light-matter interaction between the edge state of a 2D topological insulator and quantum electromagnetic field. The interaction originates from the Zeeman term between the spin of the edge electrons and the magnetic field, and also through the Peierls substition. The continuous U(1) symmetry of the system in the absence of the vector potential reduces into discrete time reversal symmetry in the presence of the vector potential. Due to light-matter interaction, a superradiant ground state emerges with spontaneously broken time reversal symmetry, accompanied by a net photocurrent along the edge, generated by the vector potential of the quantum light. The spectral function of the photon field reveals polariton continuum excitations above a threshold energy, corresponding to a Higgs mode and another low energy collective mode due to the phase fluctuations of the ground state. This collective mode is a zero energy Goldstone mode that arises from the broken continuous U(1) symmetry in the absence of the vector potential, and acquires finite a gap in the presence of the vector potential. The optical conductivity of the edge electrons is calculated using the random phase approximation by taking the fluctuation of the order parameter into account. It contains the collective modes as a Drude peak with renormalized effective mass, which moves to finite frequencies as the symmetry of the system is lowered by the inclusion of the vector potential.

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