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arXiv 1902.04026astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SRphysics.geo-ph
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来自$^{26}$ Al加热的岩石原行星的水收支二分法

A water budget dichotomy of rocky protoplanets from $^{26}$Al-heating

Tim Lichtenberg, Gregor J. Golabek, Remo Burn, Michael R. Meyer, Yann Alibert, Taras V. Gerya, Christoph Mordasini

摘要:

与贫水的内太阳系行星相反,行星形成过程中的随机性和系外行星挥发性成分的数量级偏差表明,被厚厚的挥发性冰层吞没的岩石世界是系外行星种群中陆地类似物的主要家族。然而,类地行星的分布仍然没有得到足够的限制,也不清楚太阳系是一个统计上的异常值,还是可以用更一般的行星形成过程来解释。在这里,我们采用行星形成,演化和内部结构的数值模型,表明行星的散装水的分数和半径是反相关的初始$^{26}$铝水平的星子为基础的吸积框架。这种短寿命放射性核素产生的热量在吸积到较大的原行星上之前迅速使星子脱水,并产生行星整体丰度的全系统相关性,例如,这可以解释TRAPPIST-1行星的水预算缺乏明确的轨道趋势。定性地说,我们的模型提出了行星系形成的两种主要情况:高$^{26}$ Al系统,像我们的太阳系一样,形成小的,缺水的行星,而那些缺乏$^{26}$ Al的主要形成海洋世界,两种情况之间的平均行星半径偏差高达约10%。

英文摘要:

In contrast to the water-poor inner solar system planets, stochasticity during planetary formation and order of magnitude deviations in exoplanet volatile contents suggest that rocky worlds engulfed in thick volatile ice layers are the dominant family of terrestrial analogues among the extrasolar planet population. However, the distribution of compositionally Earth-like planets remains insufficiently constrained, and it is not clear whether the solar system is a statistical outlier or can be explained by more general planetary formation processes. Here we employ numerical models of planet formation, evolution, and interior structure, to show that a planet's bulk water fraction and radius are anti-correlated with initial $^{26}$Al levels in the planetesimal-based accretion framework. The heat generated by this short-lived radionuclide rapidly dehydrates planetesimals prior to accretion onto larger protoplanets and yields a system-wide correlation of planet bulk abundances, which, for instance, can explain the lack of a clear orbital trend in the water budgets of the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Qualitatively, our models suggest two main scenarios of planetary systems' formation: high-$^{26}$Al systems, like our solar system, form small, water-depleted planets, whereas those devoid of $^{26}$Al predominantly form ocean worlds, where the mean planet radii between both scenarios deviate by up to about 10%.

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