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arXiv 2002.05756astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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行星形成:关键机制和全球模式

Planet formation: key mechanisms and global models

Sean N. Raymond, Alessandro Morbidelli

摘要:

行星形成的模型是建立在基本的物理过程之上的。为了理解行星的起源,我们必须首先了解它们的组成部分的起源。本评论分为两部分。第一部分详细描述了行星形成的六个关键机制:1)原行星盘的结构和演化2)星子的形成3)原行星的吸积4)生长行星的轨道迁移5)气体吸积和巨行星迁移6)行星迁移过程中的共振捕获。虽然这不是一个全面的清单,但它包括了近年来我们的理解发生了变化或仍然存在关键不确定性的进程。这篇评论的第二部分展示了全球模型是如何从行星形成过程中建立起来的。我们提出了全球模型来解释已知行星系的不同种群,包括近距离的小/低质量行星(即,超级地球),巨大的系外行星和太阳系的行星。我们讨论了岩石系外行星上的不同水源,并使用宇宙化学测量来限制地球水的起源。我们指出了不同模型的成功和失败,以及它们如何被证伪。最后,我们为行星形成研究的未来轨迹规划了一条路径。

英文摘要:

Models of planet formation are built on underlying physical processes. In order to make sense of the origin of the planets we must first understand the origin of their building blocks. This review comes in two parts. The first part presents a detailed description of six key mechanisms of planet formation: 1) The structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks 2) The formation of planetesimals 3) Accretion of protoplanets 4) Orbital migration of growing planets 5) Gas accretion and giant planet migration 6) Resonance trapping during planet migration. While this is not a comprehensive list, it includes processes for which our understanding has changed in recent years or for which key uncertainties remain. The second part of this review shows how global models are built out of planet formation processes. We present global models to explain different populations of known planetary systems, including close-in small/low-mass planets (i.e., super-Earths), giant exoplanets, and the Solar System's planets. We discuss the different sources of water on rocky exoplanets, and use cosmochemical measurements to constrain the origin of Earth's water. We point out the successes and failings of different models and how they may be falsified. Finally, we lay out a path for the future trajectory of planet formation studies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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