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arXiv 1902.03328astro-ph.HE
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天炉座早型星系中的亚爱丁顿超大质量黑洞活动

Sub-Eddington super-massive black hole activity in Fornax early type galaxies

Nathan Lee, Elena Gallo, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, Brendan Miller, Vivienne Baldassare, Rich Plotkin, Tommaso Treu

摘要:

通过对29个静止早型星系核的X射线观测,我们描述了天炉座星系团内低层超大质量黑洞活动的发生率和强度。使用\textit{Chandra X-ray Telescope},我们的目标17个星系从HST天炉座星系团巡天,下降到一个统一的(3 $σ$)限制X射线光度阈值的$5\cdot10^{38}$尔格$^{-1}$,我们结合更深,档案观测额外的12个星系。在29个靶中的11个中检测到核X射线点源。在考虑到低质量X射线二元对核X射线信号的污染之后,在$26.6\% \pm 9.6\%$处测量X射线活性分数。从这个分析的结果进行比较,以类似的调查针对静止的早期类型的室女星系团,以及外地。校正不同的质量分布后,测得的天炉座活动的分数是小于字段分数,在3 $σ$以上,确认气体的星系团成员的核区域的funneling相比,在字段中的那些星系被抑制。与此同时,我们发现天炉座和室女座星系之间没有统计学上的显著差异,只有边缘证据表明天炉座中的活动分数较低(1 $σ$);如果是真的,由于天炉座的星系数密度较高,这可能表明星系-星系相互作用比星系-气体效应更有效地去除气体。

英文摘要:

We characterize the incidence and intensity of low-level super-massive black hole activity within the Fornax cluster, through X-ray observations of the nuclei of 29 quiescent early-type galaxies. Using the \textit{Chandra X-ray Telescope}, we target 17 galaxies from the HST Fornax Cluster Survey, down to a uniform (3$σ$) limiting X-ray luminosity threshold of $5\cdot10^{38}$ergs$^{-1}$, which we combine with deeper, archival observations for an additional 12 galaxies. A nuclear X-ray point-source is detected in 11 out of 29 targets. After accounting for the low mass X-ray binary contamination to the nuclear X-ray signal, the X-ray active fraction is measured at $26.6\% \pm 9.6\%$. The results from this analysis are compared to similar investigations targeting quiescent early types in the Virgo cluster, as well as the field. After correcting for the different mass distributions, the measured Fornax active fraction is less than the field fraction, at more than 3$σ$, confirming that the funneling of gas to the nuclear regions of cluster members is inhibited compared to those galaxies in the field. At the same time, we find no statistically significant difference between Fornax and Virgo galaxies, with only marginal evidence for a lower active fraction in Fornax (1 $σ$); if real, owing to Fornax's higher galaxy number density, this could indicate that galaxy-galaxy interactions are more effective at gas removal than galaxy-gas effects.

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