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arXiv 1901.04710astro-ph.GA
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阻尼Ly-α吸收体II中的降尘序列宇宙尘埃的组成,从低金属量系统到银河系

Dust-depletion sequences in damped Ly-α absorbers II. The composition of cosmic dust, from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy

Lars Mattsson, Annalisa De Cia, Anja C. Andersen, Patrick Petitjean

摘要:

我们的目标是评估什么是最占主导地位的尘埃物种或类型,包括硅酸盐和氧化铁颗粒存在于ISM中,通过使用最近的观测尘埃耗尽的星系在不同的演化阶段。我们使用在不同环境中观测到的几种金属(O,S,Si,Mg和Fe)尘埃中的元素丰度,考虑具有不同金属丰度和尘埃含量的系统,即阻尼莱曼-α吸收体(DLAs)朝向类星体和银河系。我们推导出一个可能的尘埃成分,通过计算发现在尘埃中的统计预期元素丰度假设一组关键的尘埃物种与铁含量作为一个自由参数。本研究未考虑碳质粉尘。金属铁(可能以硅酸盐颗粒中夹杂物的形式存在)和氧化铁是无碳粉尘质量组成的重要组成部分。氧化铁占含氧粉尘的重要质量分数(在某些情况下约为1/4),并且有充分的理由相信金属铁占粉尘的类似质量分数。铁铁矿(FeO)可以简单地解释铁和氧的消耗,因为它很容易形成。似乎没有硅酸盐物种明显占主导地位的硅酸盐质量,而是铁贫以及富铁橄榄石和辉石的混合物。硫化物在多大程度上导致硫的消耗仍不清楚。一般来说,尘埃成分(不考虑含碳尘埃)从低金属量系统到银河系似乎没有什么演变。

英文摘要:

We aim at assessing what are the most dominant dust species or types, including silicate and iron oxide grains present in the ISM, by using recent observations of dust depletion of galaxies at various evolutionary stages. We use the observed elemental abundances in dust of several metals (O, S, Si, Mg, and Fe) in different environments, considering systems with different metallicities and dust content, namely damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs) towards quasars and the Galaxy. We derive a possible dust composition by computationally finding the statistically expected elemental abundances in dust assuming a set of key dust species with the iron content as a free parameter. Carbonaceous dust is not considered in the present study. Metallic iron (likely in the form of inclusions in silicate grains) and iron oxides is an important component of the mass composition of carbon-free dust. Iron oxides make up a significant mass fraction (~1/4 in some cases) of the oxygen-bearing dust and there are good reasons to believe that metallic iron constitutes a similar mass fraction of dust. Wüstite (FeO) could be a simple explanation for the depletion of iron and oxygen because it is easily formed. There appears to be no silicate species clearly dominating the silicate mass, but rather a mix of iron-poor as well as iron-rich olivine and pyroxene. To what extent sulphur depletion is due to sulfides remains unclear. In general, there seems to be little evolution of the dust composition (not considering carbonaceous dust) from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy.

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