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arXiv 2211.13166astro-ph.GAastro-ph.IM
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早期宇宙中新发现的Ca II吸收体:统计、元素丰度和尘埃

Newly discovered Ca II absorbers in the early universe: statistics, element abundances and dust

Hannah Fang, Iona Xia, Jian Ge, Kevin Willis, Yinan Zhao

摘要:

我们报告了斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)数据发布7和12中发现的165个新的类星体Ca II吸收体。我们的Ca II静息帧等效宽度分布支持弱和强亚群,在${W}^{\lambda3934}_{0}=0.7$处分裂。这两个人口的尘埃耗尽的比较表明,在银河系(MW)与晕型气体的弱吸收体协会的明确一致性,而强吸收体的环境与晕和盘型气体一致。我们探测了我们的高红移Ca II吸收体的2175尘埃隆起,发现12个2175尘埃吸收体(2DA)。这清楚地表明,一些钙II吸收遵循大麦云(LMC)消光定律,而不是小麦哲伦云消光定律。大约33%的强Ca II吸收体表现出2175 μ m的尘埃隆起,而只有6%的弱Ca II吸收体表现出这种隆起。2DA检测进一步支持了强钙II吸收剂与磁盘组件和尘埃比弱人口的理论。将Ca II吸收器的平均粉尘消耗模式与阻尼Lyα吸收器(DLAs)、Mg II吸收器和2DAs的平均粉尘消耗模式进行比较,表明Ca II吸收器通常具有比DLAs和Mg II吸收器更多粉尘的环境,但比2DAs更少粉尘。比较不同样本的2175 μ m尘埃撞击强度,以及MW和LMC,撞击强度似乎随着红移的减小而变得更强,这表明尘埃的增长和宇宙中星系的全球化学富集。

英文摘要:

We report discoveries of 165 new quasar Ca II absorbers from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 and 12. Our Ca II rest frame equivalent width distribution supports the weak and strong subpopulations, split at ${W}^{\lambda3934}_{0}=0.7$Å. Comparison of both populations' dust depletion shows clear consistency for weak absorber association with halo-type gas in the Milky Way (MW) while strong absorbers have environments consistent with halo and disc-type gas. We probed our high redshift Ca II absorbers for 2175Å dust bumps, discovering 12 2175Å dust absorbers (2DAs). This clearly shows that some Ca II absorbers follow the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) extinction law rather than the Small Magellanic Cloud extinction law. About 33% of our strong Ca II absorbers exhibit the 2175Å dust bump while only 6% of weak Ca II absorbers show this bump. 2DA detection further supports the theory that strong Ca II absorbers are associated with disk components and are dustier than the weak population. Comparing average Ca II absorber dust depletion patterns to that of Damped Lyα Absorbers (DLAs), Mg II absorbers, and 2DAs shows that Ca II absorbers generally have environments with more dust than DLAs and Mg II absorbers, but less dust than 2DAs. Comparing 2175Å dust bump strengths from different samples and also the MW and LMC, the bump strength appears to grow stronger as the redshift decreases, indicating dust growth and the global chemical enrichment of galaxies in the universe over time.

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