Physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud
Guo-Yin Zhang, Jin-Long Xu, A. I. Vasyunin, D. A. Semenov, Jun-Jie Wang, Sami Dib, Tie Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Xiao-Lan Liu, Ke Wang, Di Li, Zhon… 展开作者
Guo-Yin Zhang, Jin-Long Xu, A. I. Vasyunin, D. A. Semenov, Jun-Jie Wang, Sami Dib, Tie Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Xiao-Lan Liu, Ke Wang, Di Li, Zhong-Zu Wu, Jing-Hua Yuan, Da-Lei Li, Yang Gao
We aim to reveal the physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud (CMC), so as to better understand the initial conditions of star formation. We made a high-resolution column density map (18.2") with Herschel data, and extracted a complete sample of the cores in the CMC with the \textsl{fellwalker} algorithm. We performed new single-pointing observations of molecular lines near 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m telescope along the main filament of the CMC. In addition, we also performed a numerical modeling of chemical evolution for the cores under the physical conditions. We extracted 300 cores, of which 33 are protostellar and 267 are starless cores. About 51\% (137 of 267) of the starless cores are prestellar cores. Three cores have the potential to evolve into high-mass stars. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) can be well fit by a log-normal form. The high-mass end of the prestellar CMF shows a power-law form with an index $α=-0.9\pm 0.1$ that is shallower than that of the Galactic field stellar mass function. Combining the mass transformation efficiency ($\varepsilon$) from the prestellar core to the star of $15\pm 1\%$ and the core formation efficiency (CFE) of 5.5\%, we suggest an overall star formation efficiency of about 1\% in the CMC. In the single-pointing observations with the IRAM 30m telescope, we find that 6 cores show blue-skewed profile, while 4 cores show red-skewed profile. [$\rm {HCO}^{+}$]/[HNC] and [$\rm {HCO}^{+}$]/$\rm [N_{2}H^{+}]$ in protostellar cores are higher than those in prestellar cores; this can be used as chemical clocks. The best-fit chemical age of the cores with line observations is $\sim 5\times 10^4$~years.
The Chemical Composition of Extreme-Velocity Stars
关于银河系中最快的恒星的起源,人们知之甚少。我们对银河系和周围矮星系化学演化历史的了解使我们能够利用恒星的化学成分来研究其起源,并说恒星是原位形成的还是吸积的。然而,最快的恒星,超高速恒星,是年轻和大质量的,它们的化学成分尚未被分析。虽然分析大质量年轻恒星的化学成分很困难,但我们对晚型恒星的分析很精通。我们使用高分辨率ARCES/3.5 m阿帕奇角天文台、MIKE/麦哲伦光谱来研究15颗晚型超高速恒星候选者的化学细节。用盖亚EDR 3天体测量和光谱测定的径向速度,我们发现总速度的范围为$274$ - $520$ km s $^{-1}$和平均值$381$ km s $^{-1}$。因此,我们的样本恒星还没有快到足以被归类为超高速恒星,并且被称为极高速恒星。我们的样品具有宽的$-2.5 \le \mathrm{[Fe/H]} \le -0.9$铁丰度范围。它们的化学成分表明,其中至少有50%是吸积的河外恒星,铁峰元素与先前的亚克拉塞卡质量Ia型超新星富集相一致。在没有双星伴星的情况下,它们的化学丰度和轨道参数表明它们是破裂矮星系的加速潮汐碎片。
Molecular-Cloud-Scale Chemical Composition I: Mapping Spectral Line Survey toward W51 in the 3 mm Band
我们用22米Mopra望远镜在3毫米波段对银河系巨分子云W 51进行了一次测绘谱线巡天,以研究银河系分子云尺度上气体的平均化学组成。我们观察到$25' \times 30'$的面积,相当于39 pc $\times$ 47 pc。观测的频率范围为85.1 - 101.1 GHz和107.0 - 114.9 GHz。在观测区域的空间平均光谱中,鉴定了12种分子种类和4种另外的同位素体的谱线。空间平均光谱的强度图案被发现是类似的外部星系M51的螺旋臂,这表明这两个源具有相似的化学成分。根据$^{13}$ CO($J=1-0$)的积分强度($I_{\rm ^{13}CO}$)将观测区划分为5个亚区,并计算了各亚区11条分子谱线的通量对平均光谱的贡献。对于大多数分子种类,50%或更多的通量来自于$I_{\rm ^{13}CO}$从25 K km s $^{-1}$到100 K km s $^{-1}$的子区,不包括活跃的恒星形成区.因此,在3毫米波段观测到的分子云尺度光谱很难代表恒星形成核心的化学组成,而主要代表了扩展的静止分子气体的化学组成。目前的结果构成了一个健全的基础,解释光谱的分子云尺度($\sim10$ pc)或更大的分辨率的外部星系。
Chemical compositions and kinematics of the Hercules stream
Famaey et al.(2005)从依巴谷星表中天球赤道以北的恒星中选出了58颗K巨星,并对它们进行了丰度分析。巨星的组成范围[Fe/H]从$-$ 0.17到$+$ 0.42,平均值为$+$ 0.15,相对元素丰度[El/Fe]代表银河系薄盘。选择效应可能使依巴谷星表中的选择偏向于贫金属恒星。我们重新考虑了最近对FG矮星(包括贫金属恒星)的广泛调查(Bensby et al. 2014),为武仙座流提供了类似于58颗巨星的[Fe/H]分布。看起来,这条流是由薄盘中富含金属的恒星主导的。在文献中的建议,该流包括金属贫恒星从厚盘进行了讨论。