Semi-inclusive deep inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) has been a very successful tool to investigate the partonic structure of the nucleon over the last decade. Compared to inclusive DIS, information about the quantum numbers of the struck quark can be inferred from the identity, distribution and polarization of the final state hadrons. Up to now, virtually all knowledge about the quark-gluon structure of the nucleon from SIDIS has been gained from distributions of independently observed scalar hadrons. However, given the amount of data current and future experiments at JLab, RHIC, KEK and the EIC will collect, new paradigms have to be explored to leverage the statistical power of the data. Similar to other felds in nuclear and particle physics, it is natural to move towards the exploration of more complex correlations in the observed fi nal state. This contribution will discuss recent results and future prospects of using di-hadron correlations and polarized hyperon probes to study QCD in SIDIS, pp and e+e- annihilation. Both of these probes exploit additional degrees of freedom in the final state, given by the relative momentum of the di-hadron pair and the hyperon polarization, respectively. This contribution will focus on recent results and opportunities opened by these probes to study nucleon structure, hadronization and QCD in novel ways. The focus will be on planned SIDIS measurements at CLAS12 at JLab and e+e- at Belle II.
In this paper, we present a QCD analysis to extract the Fragmentation Functions (FFs) of unidentified light charged hadron entitled as SHK22.h from high-energy lepton-lepton annihilation and lepton-hadron scattering data sets. This analysis includes the data from all available single inclusive electron-positron annihilation (SIA) processes and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) measurements for the unidentified light charged hadron productions. The SIDIS data which has been measured by the COMPASS experiment could allow the flavor dependence of the FFs to be well constrained. We …
We study the Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) cross section as a function of the transverse momentum, $q_T$. In order to describe it over a wide region of $q_T$, soft gluon resummation has to be performed. Here we will use the original Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism; however, the same procedure would hold within the improved Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) framework. We study the matching between the region where fixed order perturbative QCD can successfully be applied and the region where soft gluon resummation is necessary. We find that the commonly used prescripti…
New data from Belle and BaBar Collaborations on azimuthal asymmetries, measured in e+e- annihilations into pion pairs at Q^2=112 GeV^2, allow to take the first, direct glance at the transverse momentum dependence of the Collins functions, in addition to their z dependence. These data, together with available Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) data on the Collins asymmetry, are simultaneously analysed in the framework of the generalised parton model assuming two alternative Q^2 evolution schemes and exploiting two different parameterisations for the Collins functions. The correspo…
We make a systematic study of $Λ$ hyperon polarizations in unpolarized lepton induced semi-inclusive reactions such as $e^-N\to e^-ΛX$ and $e^+e^-\toΛh X$. We present the general form of cross sections in terms of structure functions obtained from a general kinematic analysis. This already shows that the produced hyperons can be polarized in three orthogonal directions, i.e., the longitudinal direction along the hyperon momentum, the normal direction of the production plane, and the transverse direction in the production plane. We present the parton model results at the leading twist and leadi…
The correlation between the longitudinal polarization of a fragmenting quark and the transverse momenta of the produced hadrons was predicted over two decades ago. Nevertheless, experimental searches in the electron-positron annihilation process, both through the so-called jet handedness measurements by the {\tt SLD} Collaboration and more recently via the measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry containing the helicity-dependent dihadron fragmentation function (DiFF) by the $\textrm{BELLE}$ Collaboration, did not yield a signal. We will first discuss our recent explanation of the zero result a…
COMPASS final results on multiplicities of charged hadrons and of identified pions and kaons produced in the deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target are presented and compared to HERMES results. Measurements are done in bins of x, y and z in a wide kinematic range. The hadron and pion data show a good agreement with (N)LO QCD expectations. The kaon data are long awaited for since they are needed to extract kaon fragmentation functions, a crucial ingredient in solving the strange quark polarisation puzzle. COMPASS results for kaons differ from the expectations of the old NLO DSS …
The cross section for back-to-back hadron pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation provides access to the dihadron fragmentation functions (DiFF) needed to extract nucleon parton distribution functions from the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) experiments with two detected final state hadrons. Particular attention is given to the so-called interference DiFF (IFF), which makes it possible to extract the transversity parton distribution of the nucleon in the collinear framework. However, previously unnoticed discrepancies were recently highlighted between the definitions of the I…
We study the QCD evolution of the Sivers effect in both semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and Drell-Yan production (DY). We pay close attention to the non-perturbative spin-independent Sudakov factor in the evolution formalism and find a universal form which can describe reasonably well the experimental data on the transverse momentum distributions in SIDIS, DY lepton pair and $W/Z$ production. With this Sudakov factor at hand, we perform a global fitting of all the experimental data on the Sivers asymmetry in SIDIS from HERMES, COMPASS and Jefferson Lab. We then make prediction…
A new combined NLO QCD analysis of the polarized inclusive and semi-inclusive DIS data is presented. In contrast to previous combined analyses, the 1/Q^2 terms (kinematic - target mass corrections, and dynamic - higher twist corrections) in the expression for the nucleon spin structure function g1 are taken into account. The new COMPASS data are included in the analysis. The impact of the semi-inclusive (SIDIS) data on the polarized parton densities (PDFs) and on the higher twist corrections is demonstrated. The controversial behavior of the polarized strange quark density obtained from the fi…
Revisiting Unidentified Charged-Hadron Fragmentation Functions with Modern COMPASS SIDIS Multiplicities
School of Particles and Accelerators, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)（粒子与加速器学院，基础科学研究院）；AGH University, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science（AGH科技大学，物理与应用计算机科学学院）；PRISMA ++ Cluster of Excellence, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz（PRISMA++卓越集群，物理研究所，约翰内斯·古腾堡美因茨大学）；Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Münster（理论物理研究所，明斯特大学）
One of the important objectives of the COMPASS experiment (CERN, SPS north area) is the exploration of transverse spin structure of nucleon via study of spin (in)dependent azimuthal asymmetries with semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes and recently also with Drell-Yan (DY) reactions. In the past twelve years series of measurements were made in COMPASS, using 160 GeV/c longitudinally polarized muon beam and polarized $^6LiD$ and $NH_3$ targets. Drell-Yan measurements with high energy (190 GeV/c) pion beam and transversely polarized $NH_3$ target started in 2014 with a pilo…
Preliminary results obtained by the COMPASS experiment for longitudinal-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in single-hadron muoproduction off protons are presented for the first time. The analysis was carried out on the full data sample collected by COMPASS with longitudinally polarized proton ($NH_3$) target in 2007 and 2011 using 160~\gvc and 200~\gvc muon beams, correspondingly. Within QCD parton model approach extracted asymmetries are giving access to the specific convolutions of certain transverse-momentum-dependent \textit{twist-2} and \textit{higher twist} parton distribution functio…
We report on the first global QCD analysis of the quark transversity distributions in the nucleon from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS), using a new Monte Carlo method based on nested sampling and constraints on the isovector tensor charge $g_T$ from lattice QCD. A simultaneous fit to the available SIDIS Collins asymmetry data is compatible with $g_T$ values extracted from a comprehensive reanalysis of existing lattice simulations, in contrast to previous analyses which found significantly smaller $g_T$ values. The contributions to the nucleon tensor charge from $u$ and $d$ qua…
One of the important objectives of the COMPASS experiment is the exploration of transverse spin structure of nucleon via spin (in)dependent azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) of polarized leptons (and soon also Drell-Yan (DY) reactions with $π^-$) off transversely polarized target. For this purpose a series of measurements were made in COMPASS, using 160 GeV/c longitudinally polarized muon beam and polarized $^6LiD$ and $NH_3$ targets and are foreseen with 190 GeV/c $π^-$ beam on polarized $NH_3$. The experimental results obtained by COMPASS for azimuthal…
The description of the polarized quark hadronization process is one of the most challenging problems in the physics of strong interactions. The various single hadron and dihadron fragmentation functions, that quantify this process, are determined by analyzing the inclusive production of hadrons in electron-positron semi-inclusive annihilation process (SIA). These, in turn, are used to extract the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions from the experiments on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process (SIDIS), elucidating the spin-orbit correlations in nucleon. Here w…
Accessing gluon polarization with high-$P_T$ hadrons in SIDIS
Wichita State University（威奇托州立大学）；South China Normal University（华南师范大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Jefferson Lab（杰弗逊实验室）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
The CDF 3.7 sigma evidence of pure annihilation $B_s \to π^+ π^-$ decays, if confirmed, would imply a large annihilation scenario in the QCD factorization approach. This is somewhat unexpected as the large annihilation scenario was disfavored in previous studies. In this paper we reinvestigate the role of annihilation topology in QCD factorization. We find that it is not easy to reach the CDF central value of $B_s \to π^+ π^-$ decays when other decay channels are considered. Our analysis also reveals that, for well-measured charmless B decays into two final pseudoscalar mesons, the QCD factori…
Hadron production in hard scattering reactions is described by the hadronization mechanism which combines quarks into final-state hadrons. Within the theoretical framework of leading-twist collinear QCD, the cross section for hadron production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering can be factorized into a hard scattering cross section describing the hard interaction at the quark level calculable in perturbative QED, and non-perturbative universal functions: parton distribution functions which reflect the quark structure of initial-state hadrons and collinear fragmentation functions which…
We present threshold enhanced N$^3$LO QCD corrections to inclusive Higgs production through bottom anti-bottom annihilation at hadron colliders using threshold resummed cross section. The resummed cross section is obtained using factorization properties and Sudakov resummation of the inclusive cross section. We use the recent results on threshold N$^3$LO corrections in QCD for Drell-Yan production and three loop QCD corrections to Higgs form factor with bottom anti-bottom quark to achieve this task. This is the first step towards the evaluation of complete N$^3$LO result. We have numerically d…
We present the rapidity distribution of the Higgs boson produced through bottom quark annihilation at third order in QCD using the threshold approximation. We provide a framework, based on the factorization properties of the QCD amplitudes along with Sudakov resummation and the renormalization group invariance, that allows one to perform the computation of the threshold corrections in a consistent, systematic and accurate way. The recent results on threshold N$^3$LO correction in QCD for the Drell-Yan production and on three loop QCD correction to Higgs form factor with bottom anti-bottom quar…
Within the LO QCD parton model of SIDIS with unintegrated quark distribution and fragmentation functions we study the transverse momentum and azimuthal dependencies of the double spin asymmetries $A_{LT}$ and $A_{LL}$. For later we include ${\cal O}(k_{\perp}/Q)$ kinematic corrections, which induce an azimuthal modulation of the asymmetry, analogous to the Cahn effect in unpolarized SIDIS. We show that a study of these asymmetries allows to extract the transverse momentum dependence of the unintegrated helicity distribution function $g_{1L}^q(x,k_\perp)$ and $g_{1T}^q(x,k_\perp)$. This report …
We report on a complete calculation of electroweak production of top quark pairs in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at next-to-next-to-leading order in Quantum Chromodynamics. Our setup is fully differential and can be used to calculate any infrared-safe observable. Especially we calculated the next-to-next-to-leading order corrections to top-quark forward-backward asymmetry and found sizable effects. Our results show a large reduction of the theoretical uncertainties in predictions of the forward-backward asymmetry, and allow a precision determination of the top quark electroweak couplings at future $e…
We present the first results on the two-loop massless QCD corrections to the four-point amplitude $b+\overline{b} \rightarrow H+H$ in the five flavor scheme, treating bottom quarks as massless. This amplitude is sensitive to the trilinear Higgs boson coupling. Our two-loop result for this amplitude constitutes of purely virtual contributions to the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD predictions for the production of a pair of Higgs bosons at the Large Hadron Collider. Using these two loop amplitudes and exploiting the universality of the soft contributions in perturbative QCD, we obtain the NNL…
Toward Precision Helicity PDFs from Global DIS and SIDIS Fits with Projected EIC Measurements
AGH University（AGH科技大学）；School of Particles and Accelerators, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)（基本科学研究所粒子与加速器学院）；Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Münster（明斯特大学理论物理研究所）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Gruppo collegato di Cosenza（意大利国家核物理研究所科森扎协作组）；Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn（波恩大学斯特拉斯曼和核物理亥姆霍兹研究所及贝特理论物理中心）；Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich（于利希研究中心先进模拟研究所（IAS-4））；Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, International Institute for Interdisciplinary and Frontiers, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学国际交叉前沿研究院彭桓武教研合作中心）
Through this article, we present the two-loop massless QCD corrections to the production of di-Higgs and di-pseudo-Higgs boson through quark annihilation in the large top quark mass limit. Within dimensional regularisation, we employ the non-anticommuting $γ_5$ and treat it under the Larin prescription. We discover the absence of any additional renormalisation, so-called contact renormalisation, that could arise from the short distance behaviour of two local operators. This finding is in corroboration with the operator product expansion. By examining the results, we discover the lack of simila…
A pedagogical review is given of precise tests of QCD in electron-positron annihilation. Emphasis is placed on measurements that have served to establish QCD as the correct theory of strong interactions, as well as measurements of the coupling parameter alpha-s. An outlook is given for future important tests at a high energy e+e- collider.
We analyze the decay $B\to ϕK$ within the framework of QCD-improved factorization. We found that although the twist-3 kaon distribution amplitude dominates the spectator interactions, it will suppress the decay rates slightly. The weak annihilation diagrams induced by $(S-P)(S+P)$ penguin operators, which are formally power-suppressed by order $(Λ/m_b)^2$, are chirally and logarithmically enhanced. Therefore, these annihilation contributions are not subject to helicity suppression and can be sizable. The predicted branching ratio of $B^-\toϕK^-$ is $(3.8\pm0.6)\times 10^{-6}$ in the absence of…
We study the transverse momentum distribution of hadrons within jets, where the transverse momentum is defined with respect to the standard jet axis. We consider the case where the jet substructure measurement is performed for an inclusive jet sample $pp\to\text{jet}+X$. We demonstrate that this observable provides new opportunities to study transverse momentum dependent fragmentation functions (TMDFFs) which are currently poorly constrained from data, especially for gluons. The factorization of the cross section is obtained within Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET), and we show that the r…
Experimental tests of QCD predictions for event shape distributions combining contributions from hard and soft processes are discussed. The hard processes are predicted by perturbative QCD calculations. The soft processes cannot be calculated directly using perturbative QCD, they are treated by a power correction model based on the analysis of infrared renormalons. Furthermore, an analysis of the gauge structure of QCD is presented using fits of the colour factors within the same combined QCD predictions.
The current status of theoretical work and experimental analyses on power corrections in QCD for e+e- annihilation will be reviewed. Measurements of the number of active quark flavours n_f and the QCD colour factors C_A and C_F derived from QCD fits to event shape distributions at lower energies and LEP energies will be presented. The fits are based on O(alpha_s^2)+NLLA QCD predictions with power corrections to model hadronisation.
Discriminating QCD Compton and Quark-Antiquark Annihilation Processes in $γ$ + Jets Using Interpretable Machine Learning
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur（印度科学教育研究所（IISER），贝尔汉普尔）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati（印度科学教育研究所（IISER），蒂鲁帕蒂）
QED radiative effects in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering: traditional and factorized approaches
Duke University（杜克大学）；Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory（三角大学核实验室）；Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belorussian State University（白俄罗斯国立大学核问题研究所）；Mississippi State University（密西西比州立大学）；Indiana University（印第安纳大学）；Shandong University（山东大学）；Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所）；Jefferson Lab（杰斐逊实验室）
We have studied hadronic events from e+e- annihilation data at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt{s}=172, 183 and 189 GeV. The total integrated luminosity of the three samples, measured with the OPAL detector, corresponds to 250 pb^-1. We present distributions of event shape variables, charged particle multiplicity and momentum, measured separately in the three data samples. From these we extract measurements of the strong coupling alpha_s, the mean charged particle multiplicity <nch> and the peak position xi_0 in the xi_p=ln(1/x_p) distribution. In general the data are described well by analytic…
We present results obtained from a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at various centre-of-mass energies. The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are measured from 30GeV to 189GeV and compared with various QCD models. The energy dependence of the moments of event shape variables is used to test a power law ansatz for the non-perturbative component. We obtain a universal value of the non-perturbative parameter alpha_0 = 0.537 +/- 0.073. From a comparison with resummed O(alpha_s^2) QCD calculations, we determine…
Measurements of alpha_s from e+e- annihilation experiments are reviewed and compared with measurements from other processes. Highlights are presented of recent QCD studies in e+e- annihilation at the Z0 resonance.
We employ data taken by the JADE and OPAL experiments for an integrated QCD study in hadronic e+e- annihilations at c.m.s. energies ranging from 35 GeV through 189 GeV. The study is based on jet-multiplicity related observables. The observables are obtained to high jet resolution scales with the JADE, Durham, Cambridge and cone jet finders, and compared with the predictions of various QCD and Monte Carlo models. The strong coupling strength, alpha_s, is determined at each energy by fits of O(alpha_s^2) calculations, as well as matched O(alpha_s^2) and NLLA predictions, to the data. Matching sc…
